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SF3.03_Abdominal Viscera and Collateral Circulation_SEIDEN > Abdominal Viscera and Collateral Circulation > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera and Collateral Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

The two curvatures of the stomach and their derivation:

A
  • lesser curvature (ventral side of foregut before rotation)
  • greater curvature (dorsal side of foregut before rotation)
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2
Q

Lesser omentum attachment and derivation:

A
  • attachment: lesser curvature of stomach
  • derivation: ventral mesentery of stomach
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3
Q

The two parts of the lesser omentum:

A
  1. hepatoduodenal ligament
  2. hepatogastric ligament
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4
Q

Derivatives of the stomach dorsal mesentery:

A
  1. gastrosplenic ligament
  2. greater omentum
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5
Q

Label all:

A
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6
Q

Label:

A

greater omentum

(arises from dorsal mesentery)

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7
Q

What structure is attached/fused to the posterior side of the greater omentum?

A

transverse colon

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8
Q

Label A and B:

A
  • A = transverse mesocolon
  • B = greater omentum
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9
Q

Greater Peritoneal Sac:

A
  • All of the peritoneal cavity except for the lesser sac (omental bursa).
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10
Q

The greater peritoneal sac is subdivided into what two compartments?

A
  1. supracolic compartment
    • above transverse colon and greater omentum (fused).
  2. infracolic compartment
    • below transverse colon and greater omentum (fused).
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11
Q

The boundary between the supracolic compartment and infracolic compartment is:

A
  • transverse mesocolon and greater omentum (which are fused together).
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12
Q

The three compartments of the peritoneal cavity:

A
  1. lesser sac
  2. supracolic (part of greater sac)
  3. infracolic (part of great sac)
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13
Q

What part of the greater omentum stretches from the greater curvature of the stomach to the level of the transverse colon?

A

gastrocolic ligament

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14
Q

Gastrocolic ligament:

A
  • the part of the greater omentum above the transverse colon.
  • a surgical entry into the lesser sac.
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15
Q

Label:

A
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16
Q

Contents of Supracolic compartment:

A

stomach, liver and spleen

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17
Q

Contents of Infracolic compartment:

A

small intestine, ascending colon, descending colon

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18
Q

The lesser sac communicates with greater sac via:

A

epiploic foramen

(foramen of Winslow)

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19
Q

The foregut gives rise to what organs?

A

PEG LSD

  • Pancreas
  • Esophagus
  • Gallbladder
  • Liver
  • Stomach
  • Duodenum (1, 2P parts)
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20
Q

The midgut gives rise to what organs?

A

JAILED CAT

  • Jejunum
  • Appendix
  • ILEum
  • Duodenum (2D, 3, 4, parts)
  • Cecum
  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon (proximal 2/3)
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21
Q

The hindgut gives rise to what organs?

A

DESCENDING RATS

  • DESCENDING colon
  • Rectum
  • Anal canal (upper part)
  • Transverse colon (distal 1/3)
  • Sigmoid colon
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22
Q

Celiac trunk is the blood supply to:

A

foregut and spleen

PEG LSD + spleen

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23
Q

Superior mesenteric artery is the blood supply to:

A

midgut + head of pancreas

JAILED CAT + head of pancreas

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24
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery is the blood supply to:

A

hindgut

DESCENDING RTS

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25
Q

The three branches of the celiac trunk:

A
  1. left gastric artery
  2. splenic artery
  3. common hepatic artery
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26
Q

Branches of the left gastric artery:

A
  1. esophageal artery
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27
Q

Branches of the splenic artery:

A
  1. short gastric artery
  2. left gastroomental artery
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28
Q

Branches of the common hepatic artery:

A
  1. proper hepatic artery
  2. gastroduodenal artery
29
Q

Branches of the proper hepatic artery:

A
  • left hepatic artery
  • right hepatic artery
  • right gastric artery
30
Q

Blood supply to the gallbladder and the origin of this artery:

A

cystic artery

branch of right hepatic artery

31
Q

First branch of the superior mesenteric artery:

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

32
Q

Branches of the superior mesenteric artery:

A
  1. inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  2. middle colic artery
  3. right colic artery
  4. ileocolic artery
  5. jejunal arteries
  6. ileal arteries
33
Q

Blood supply to the appendix and its derivation:

A
  • appendicular artery
    • from ileocolic artery, from SMA
34
Q

Label all:

35
Q

Aorta ends (bifurcates) at what vertebral level?

36
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery branches off the aorta at what vertebral level?

37
Q

Branches of inferior mesenteric artery (3):

A
  1. left colic artery
  2. sigmoid artery
  3. superior rectal artery
38
Q

Label all:

39
Q

What arteries branch and anastomose to form the Marginal Artery of Drummond (5)?

A
  1. Right colic a.
  2. Left colic a.
  3. Middle colic a.
  4. Ileocolic a.
  5. Sigmoid aa.
40
Q

What arteries connect the Marginal Artery of Drummond to the colon?

A
  • Vasa recta
    • end arteries;
    • do not anastomose with one another
41
Q

What arteries have to be obstructed in order to create an area of ischemic bowel?

A
  • vasa recta
    • obstructing branches of SMA or IMA will not lead to ischemic bowel since they all anastomose to form the marginal artery of Drummond.
42
Q

Where does diverticulitis occur in the colon?

A
  • points where the vasa recta penetrate the colon wall
  • “weak-points”
43
Q

The two venous systems of the abdomen:

A
  1. inferior vena cava
  2. portal vein
44
Q

What two veins come together to form the portal vein?

A
  1. splenic vein
  2. superior mesenteric vein
45
Q

What vein drains into the splenic vein?

A
  • inferior mesenteric vein
46
Q

The IVC drains what organs of the abdomen?

A
  • originally retroperitoneal organs
  • (primary retroperitoneal organs)
47
Q

The portal vein drains what organs of the abdomen?

A
  • originally peritoneal organs
  • (primary peritoneal and secondary retroperitoneal)
48
Q

The spleen drains into what venous system of the abdomen?

A

portal venous system

49
Q

Pathway of portal venous system drainage to the heart:

A
  1. splenic, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric veins
  2. hepatic portal vein
  3. venous sinusoids in liver
  4. hepatic veins
  5. inferior vena cava
  6. heart
50
Q

Portocaval anastomoses in the rectum:

A
  • Superior rectal vein (portal) → middle rectal vein (caval) and inferior rectal vein (caval).
  • in the wall of rectum.
51
Q

Does the portal venous system have valves?

A

no; pressure gradient is based on pressure.

52
Q

What will cause retrograde flow of blood in the portal venous system so that it drains in the IVC?

A

liver obstruction / portal hyperstension

53
Q

What three veins of the rectum are susceptible to hemorrhoids in the setting of portal hypertension:

A
  1. superior rectal vein
  2. middle rectal vein
  3. inferior rectal vein
  • due to anastomoses between portal and caval venous systems.
54
Q

Portocaval anastomoses in the esophagus:

A
  • Esophageal branch of left gastric vein (portal) to esophageal vein (caval) to azygos vein (caval).
55
Q

Esophageal varices result from the anastomosis of what veins?

A
  • Esophageal branch of left gastric vein (portal) to esophageal vein (caval) to azygos vein (caval).
56
Q

Portocaval anastomoses in the umbilical region:

A

paraumbilical veins (portal) → epigastric veins (caval)

57
Q

Caput medussae may arise from:

A
  • Portocaval anastomoses in the umbilical region:
    • paraumbilical veins (portal) to epigastric veins (caval).
58
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the abdomen:

A
  1. preaortic channels
  2. paraaortic channels
  3. cysterna chylae
  4. thoracic duct
59
Q

Cysterna chylae is responsible for what lymphatic drainage:

A

all lymphatic drainage below the diaphragm

60
Q

Label all:

61
Q

Primary arterial supply to descending colon, which would have to be resected with the ascending colon in the setting of colon cancer:

A
  • inferior mesenteric artery
  • left colic artery
  • LYMPH NODES FOLLOW VASCULATURE
62
Q

Primary arterial supply to ascending colon, which would have to be resected with the descending colon in the setting of colon cancer:

A
  • right colic artery
  • middle colic artery
  • ileocolic artery
  • LYMPH NODES FOLLOW VASCULATURE
63
Q

Draw the celiac trunk and its branches:

64
Q

Draw the superior mesenteric artery and its branches:

65
Q

Draw inferior mesenteric artery:

66
Q

Draw marginal artery of drummond:

67
Q

Draw IVC drainage in abdomen:

68
Q

Draw portal vein drainage in abdomen:

SF3.03_Abdominal Viscera and Collateral Circulation_SEIDEN (3 decks)

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