Abdominal Prac/Mock Exam Flashcards
What plane is perpendicular to both the sagittal and transverse planes?
The coronal Plane
When viewing an image obtained in the coronal plane, where is the patient’s head relative to the displayed image?
Left Side
Which term can also be used to describe the sonographer’s preliminary report?
Technical Impressions
Which bilaterally paired flat muscles are the innermost of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?
Transversus Abdominis
Which of the diaphragmatic crura is larger and longer?
Right Crus: tendinous structure extends from diaphragm
In addition to a falling haematocrit, what is another clinical indication of a hematoma?
Ecchymosis: hematoma or a bruise
What condition presents with anechoic fluid areas demonstrated on one or both sides of the chest superior to the diaphragm?
Pleural Effusion
How can a sonographer obtain better near field images of the abdominal wall?
Use a Stand Off Pad or add more gel for an Acoustic Window
Which peritoneal layer lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Parietal
Which channel communicates between the Supracolic & Infracolic Compartments?
Paracolic Gutters
Which ascites is characterized by a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid material derived from cells?
Exudative
What term describes a large fluid collection observed when scanning the abdomen of a patient with cardiac disease?
Ascites
What is an extrahepatic anechoic collection of bile located within the peritoneal cavity called?
Biloma
What term describes thickening of the greater omentum caused by malignant infiltration?
Omental Caking
Which peritoneal space is located posterior to the bladder and anterior to the uterus?
Uterovesicle Space
What happens to the normal aorta as it progresses inferiorly?
Diameter decreases
What instrumentation adjustment can help remove artefact echoes that may appear in the lumen of the abdominal aorta?
Decrease Time Gain Compensation (TGC)
The anteroposterior (AP) measurements of the aorta are made from which scanning plane?
Longitudinal
What type of pressure describes the normal venous system: high, medium or low?
Low
The Superior Mesenteric Vein empties into which vein?
Portal Vein
What is the most common type of splanchnic artery aneurysm?
Splenic
What is the most common location of aneurysms associated with the continuation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Iliac artery
Which vessel lies posterior to the bile duct and anterior to the Portal Vein?
Hepatic artery
What disease begins as fibro-fatty plaque on the intima of large arteries?
Atherosclerosis
What term defines the inner wall layer of an artery and vein?
Tunica Intima
What structure along with the left hepatic vein seperates the left hepatic lobe from the caudate lobe?
Ligamentum Venosum Fissure
What seperates the intrahepatic right and left lobes?
Main Lobar Fissure
Porta hepatis (Portal Triad) contains the Portal Vein, Hepatic Artery and what other structure?
Common Hepatic Duct
Which vessel supplies the liver with oxygen-rich blood?
Portal Vein
What is the term that describes embryonic production of blood cells?
Hemopoiesis
Fatty infiltration disease has the same echo appearance as which pathology?
Cirrhosis
What is the most common primary liver malignancy in an adult?
Hepatoma
Which vessels are used to delineate the right and left lobes, the right posterior and right anterior segments and the left medial and left lateral segments?
Hepatic Veins
What area is carefully scanned on a follow up examination on a patient with a history of cavernous transformation?
Porta Hepatis
What Doppler signal (Hepatopetal or Hepatofugal) would you expect in the portal vein of a patient with portal hypertension?
Hepatofugal
What vascular tumour in the liver is composed of blood vessel cells with a nonspecific sonographic appearance?
Hemangioma
What two ducts unit to form the common bile duct before it enters the duodenum?
Cystic Duct & Common Hepatic Duct
Which variant presents with a kinked or folded back fundus?
Phrygian Cap
What is the likely cause for echoes originiating from within the gallbladder with acoustic shadows?
Cholelithiasis
What vessel supplies the gallbladder with blood?
Cystic Artery
With a normally functioning gallbladder, what is stimulated by ingesting a fatty meal?
Contraction
What is a diagnostic explanation for a 40 year old woman with right upper quadrant pain, mild jaundice and elevated alkaline phosphatase?
Cholelithiasis
What structure does the CBD join prior to terminating at the major duodenal papilla?
Pancreatic Duct
What type of anomaly is the annular pancreas?
Congenital Anomaly
With reference to the pancreas what type of gland secretes its products into blood or cellular tissue?
Endocrine Gland
Locating the gastroduodenal artery helps identify what portion of the pancreas?
Pancreatic Head
What vessel courses to the patients right and is located posterior to the pancreas?
Splenic Vein
What is the most common cause of a pancreatic pseudocyst in an adult patient?
Acute Pancreatitis
When is the spleen considered to be enlarged?
Length exceeds 13cm
Crohn’s disease primarily affects young adults and affects what anatomic region?
Ileum
In the presence of a horseshoe kidney, what anomaly may be simulated?
Lymphadenopathy
Describe posterior urethral valve?
Dilated bladder and elongated prostatic urethra. Key hole appearance
Which urinary bladder anomaly is sometimes described as a cyst within a cyst?
Ectopic Ureterocele
What pathology is best demonstrated by use of Doppler for evaluating ureteral jets?
Ureteral obstruction with unilateral calculi
What is the most common malignant tumour of the urinary bladder?
Transitional cell carcinoma
What is the best indicating marker for diagnosing prostate cancer?
Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
Which adrenal hormone regulates electrolyte concentration?
Aldosterone
What echo pattern is usually seen with primary malignant nodes like those seen with lymphoma?
Round shaped, short axis greater than 1cm and hypoechoic to anechoic
What is the most significant clinical implication of an elevated serum creatinine?
50% plus nephron destruction or renal insufficiency
