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Abdominal Prac Exam Questions > Abdominal Prac/Mock Exam > Flashcards

Abdominal Prac/Mock Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What plane is perpendicular to both the sagittal and transverse planes?

A

The coronal Plane

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2
Q

When viewing an image obtained in the coronal plane, where is the patient’s head relative to the displayed image?

A

Left Side

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3
Q

Which term can also be used to describe the sonographer’s preliminary report?

A

Technical Impressions

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4
Q

Which bilaterally paired flat muscles are the innermost of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

A

Transversus Abdominis

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5
Q

Which of the diaphragmatic crura is larger and longer?

A

Right Crus: tendinous structure extends from diaphragm

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6
Q

In addition to a falling haematocrit, what is another clinical indication of a hematoma?

A

Ecchymosis: hematoma or a bruise

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7
Q

What condition presents with anechoic fluid areas demonstrated on one or both sides of the chest superior to the diaphragm?

A

Pleural Effusion

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8
Q

How can a sonographer obtain better near field images of the abdominal wall?

A

Use a Stand Off Pad or add more gel for an Acoustic Window

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9
Q

Which peritoneal layer lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Parietal

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10
Q

Which channel communicates between the Supracolic & Infracolic Compartments?

A

Paracolic Gutters

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11
Q

Which ascites is characterized by a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid material derived from cells?

A

Exudative

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12
Q

What term describes a large fluid collection observed when scanning the abdomen of a patient with cardiac disease?

A

Ascites

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13
Q

What is an extrahepatic anechoic collection of bile located within the peritoneal cavity called?

A

Biloma

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14
Q

What term describes thickening of the greater omentum caused by malignant infiltration?

A

Omental Caking

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15
Q

Which peritoneal space is located posterior to the bladder and anterior to the uterus?

A

Uterovesicle Space

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16
Q

What happens to the normal aorta as it progresses inferiorly?

A

Diameter decreases

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17
Q

What instrumentation adjustment can help remove artefact echoes that may appear in the lumen of the abdominal aorta?

A

Decrease Time Gain Compensation (TGC)

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18
Q

The anteroposterior (AP) measurements of the aorta are made from which scanning plane?

A

Longitudinal

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19
Q

What type of pressure describes the normal venous system: high, medium or low?

A

Low

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20
Q

The Superior Mesenteric Vein empties into which vein?

A

Portal Vein

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21
Q

What is the most common type of splanchnic artery aneurysm?

A

Splenic

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22
Q

What is the most common location of aneurysms associated with the continuation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A

Iliac artery

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23
Q

Which vessel lies posterior to the bile duct and anterior to the Portal Vein?

A

Hepatic artery

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24
Q

What disease begins as fibro-fatty plaque on the intima of large arteries?

A

Atherosclerosis

25
Q

What term defines the inner wall layer of an artery and vein?

A

Tunica Intima

26
Q

What structure along with the left hepatic vein seperates the left hepatic lobe from the caudate lobe?

A

Ligamentum Venosum Fissure

27
Q

What seperates the intrahepatic right and left lobes?

A

Main Lobar Fissure

28
Q

Porta hepatis (Portal Triad) contains the Portal Vein, Hepatic Artery and what other structure?

A

Common Hepatic Duct

29
Q

Which vessel supplies the liver with oxygen-rich blood?

A

Portal Vein

30
Q

What is the term that describes embryonic production of blood cells?

A

Hemopoiesis

31
Q

Fatty infiltration disease has the same echo appearance as which pathology?

A

Cirrhosis

32
Q

What is the most common primary liver malignancy in an adult?

A

Hepatoma

33
Q

Which vessels are used to delineate the right and left lobes, the right posterior and right anterior segments and the left medial and left lateral segments?

A

Hepatic Veins

34
Q

What area is carefully scanned on a follow up examination on a patient with a history of cavernous transformation?

A

Porta Hepatis

35
Q

What Doppler signal (Hepatopetal or Hepatofugal) would you expect in the portal vein of a patient with portal hypertension?

A

Hepatofugal

36
Q

What vascular tumour in the liver is composed of blood vessel cells with a nonspecific sonographic appearance?

A

Hemangioma

37
Q

What two ducts unit to form the common bile duct before it enters the duodenum?

A

Cystic Duct & Common Hepatic Duct

38
Q

Which variant presents with a kinked or folded back fundus?

A

Phrygian Cap

39
Q

What is the likely cause for echoes originiating from within the gallbladder with acoustic shadows?

A

Cholelithiasis

40
Q

What vessel supplies the gallbladder with blood?

A

Cystic Artery

41
Q

With a normally functioning gallbladder, what is stimulated by ingesting a fatty meal?

A

Contraction

42
Q

What is a diagnostic explanation for a 40 year old woman with right upper quadrant pain, mild jaundice and elevated alkaline phosphatase?

A

Cholelithiasis

43
Q

What structure does the CBD join prior to terminating at the major duodenal papilla?

A

Pancreatic Duct

44
Q

What type of anomaly is the annular pancreas?

A

Congenital Anomaly

45
Q

With reference to the pancreas what type of gland secretes its products into blood or cellular tissue?

A

Endocrine Gland

46
Q

Locating the gastroduodenal artery helps identify what portion of the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic Head

47
Q

What vessel courses to the patients right and is located posterior to the pancreas?

A

Splenic Vein

48
Q

What is the most common cause of a pancreatic pseudocyst in an adult patient?

A

Acute Pancreatitis

49
Q

When is the spleen considered to be enlarged?

A

Length exceeds 13cm

50
Q

Crohn’s disease primarily affects young adults and affects what anatomic region?

A

Ileum

51
Q

In the presence of a horseshoe kidney, what anomaly may be simulated?

A

Lymphadenopathy

52
Q

Describe posterior urethral valve?

A

Dilated bladder and elongated prostatic urethra. Key hole appearance

53
Q

Which urinary bladder anomaly is sometimes described as a cyst within a cyst?

A

Ectopic Ureterocele

54
Q

What pathology is best demonstrated by use of Doppler for evaluating ureteral jets?

A

Ureteral obstruction with unilateral calculi

55
Q

What is the most common malignant tumour of the urinary bladder?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

56
Q

What is the best indicating marker for diagnosing prostate cancer?

A

Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

57
Q

Which adrenal hormone regulates electrolyte concentration?

A

Aldosterone

58
Q

What echo pattern is usually seen with primary malignant nodes like those seen with lymphoma?

A

Round shaped, short axis greater than 1cm and hypoechoic to anechoic

59
Q

What is the most significant clinical implication of an elevated serum creatinine?

A

50% plus nephron destruction or renal insufficiency

Abdominal Prac Exam Questions (2 decks)

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