Abdominal 2016 Prac Flashcards
The adult liver is considered to be enlarged after the AP diameter exceeds what
measurement?
15cm
Carcinoma of the prostate gland most commonly develops in what zone of the
prostate?
Peripheral
What is the equation required to calculate the volume of the bladder?
L x W x H x 0.52
Name the two (2) types of ascites
transudate & exudate
A decrease in haematocrit is consistent with the development of what abdominal wall
pathology?
abdominal wall hematoma
A 46 year old female patient presents to the ultrasound department, complaining of
right flank pain and dysuria. Upon ultrasound investigation a generalised swelling of the kidney is demonstrated and the medullary pyramids appear well defined. This is most suspicious of which pathology?
Pyelonephritis
The thickness of a normal gallbladder wall should NOT exceed what measurement?
3mm
What is the most common location for a spenunculus?
Just medial to the splenic hilum
The splenic artery is a branch of what vascular structure?
Celiac axis
What is the name given to the sensitivity test of the gallbladder where probe pressure is applied and causes a pain response?
positive murphy’s sign
What verbal grading of hydronephrosis would the, ‘Bear Claw effect,’ describe?
moderate
Define the term Intussusception.
Is the inversion of one portion of the intestine within another
What is the most common complication of acute pancreatitis?
Pseudocyst
Name two (2) different peritoneal spaces in which free fluid will accumulate
Morrison’s pouch, rectouterine pouch (pouch of douglas), subphrenic space
Define the term Lipoma
A neoplasm consisting of adipose tissue
What does the acronym H.A.U.L stand for?
Hematoma
Ascites
Urinoma
Lymphocele
A rounded lymph node that does not demonstrate an echogenic hilus and measures 13mm in short axis is more likely to be benign or malignant?
Maligant
What is omental cake?
Is an abnormally thickened greater ometum
Name two (2) LFT’s.
Bilirubin, Albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time
What is the name of the recess located between the right kidney and the right liver?
Morrison’s pouch
What is considered the upper limit measurement for a portal vein?
12-15mm
What is another name for the pancreatic duct?
Duct of Wirsung
What ultrasonic instrumentation would you initiate to visualize ureteric jets?
Power Doppler
What is a pseudoaneurysm?
Is a false aneurysm, does not contain 3 layers, rather it is a dilation of the artery wall confined to 2 layers, caused by trauma to the artery
Name two (2) ultrasound controls that will decrease the appearance of artefactual echoes seen within the IVC.
Time gain compensation, Tissue Harmonic Imaging
What sort of a reflector is the diaphragm?
Specular reflector
What diameter must a AAA measure, to be considered for surgical opinion?
4-5cm in diameter
Name the tongue-like anatomical variant of the right lobe of the liver that is seen as
an inferior projection near the right kidney.
Reidels lobe
What is the name given to the technique, whereby the patient is requested to,
‘bear down,’ to raise their intra-abdominal pressure?
Valsva manoeuvre
The rectus abdominis muscles are located either side of what fibrous structure?
Linear alba
What does the acronym F.A.S.T stand for in the FAST Scan?
Focussed assessment in sonography trauma
Name the two different peritoneal membranes.
Visceral & parietal
What is a paracentesis?
Is the therapeutic or diagnostic drainage of acidic fluid from the peritoneal space
Define a urinoma
Is an encapsulated collection of urine
What is the most anterior portion of the pancreas?
Body
What is another name for segment one (1) of the liver?
Caudate lobe
Name the two major zones of the prostate gland.
Peripheral (70%) & central (25%)
What is the pathological name for the separation of the layers of the aortic wall by
blood or haemorrhage which is displayed sonographically as a linear echogenic flap
within the arterial lumen?
Aortic dissection
What is the most common malignant tumour of the urinary bladder?
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
What is hepatofugal flow?
Is blood flow in a vessel travelling away from the liver
What is a bladder diverticulum?
Is an outpouching of the bladder wall due to weakness in the bladder wall
What is BPH?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Which vessel is located directly posterior to the pancreatic body and is surrounded
by an echogenic ring on ultrasound?
Super mesenteric artery
What does Post Prandial Mean?
After eating
What is the name of the blood marker used to diagnose prostatic cancer?
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
What is the name of an enlarged spleen?
Splenomegaly
Crohn’s Disease primarily affects young adults and affects what anatomic region?
Ileum
Which anatomical location is utilized to test for rebound tenderness of appendicitis?
LRQ of abdomen
What is a porcelain gallbladder?
Is the calcification of the GB wall
The diameter of a normal adult appendix should not exceed what measurement?
<6mm from outer to outer wall
