Abdominal pain HYHO

Question 1

acute diarrhea

Answer 1

lasts less than 2 weeks

Question 2

chronic diarrhea

Answer 2

lasts longer than 2 weeks

Question 3

mild diarrhea

Answer 3

3 or fewer stools per day

Question 4

moderate diarrhea

Answer 4

4 or more stools per day with local symptoms

Question 5

severe diarrhea

Answer 5

4 or more stools per day with systemic symptoms

Question 6

Inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 6

suggests colonic involvement by invasive bacteria or parasites or toxin production

Question 7

sxs of inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 7

frequent bloody, small-volume stools associated with fever, abdominal cramps, tenesmus, and fecal urgency

Question 8

common causes of inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 8

Shigella, Salmonella, Campy, Yersinia, E. coli, STEC, Entamoeba histolytica, C. difficile

Question 9

Lab tests for inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 9

fecal leukocytes or neutrophil marker lactoferrin are positive, stool culture

Question 10

noninflammatory diarrhea

Answer 10

small intestine commonly affected, interferes with salt and water balance

Question 11

sxs of noninflammatory diarrhea

Answer 11

large-volume watery diarrhea, N/V, cramps

Question 12

Common causes of noninflammatory diarrhea

Answer 12

viruses, vibriones, STEC, Giardia, cryptosporidia

Question 13

Transmission of diarrheal causes

Answer 13

food and water, incubation period between 12-72 hours

Question 14

recent hospitalization or abx use suggest diarrhea caused by

Answer 14

C. difficile

Question 15

diarrhea with recent foreign travel suggests…

Answer 15

Salmonella, Shigella, Campy, E coli, V cholerae

Question 16

diarrhea after undercooked hamburger suggests…

Answer 16

STEC

Question 17

diarrhea out break in long-term care facility, school, cruise…

Answer 17

norovirus

Question 18

diarrhea after fried rice associated with…

Answer 18

B cereus toxin

Question 19

In general, most cases of acute gastroenteritis require what treatment?

Answer 19

are often self-limited, do not require therapy other than supportive

Question 20

Supportive tx for diarrhea

Answer 20

replacement of fluid and electrolytes, potentially hypovolemic shock

Question 21

When is antimicrobial therapy for bloody diarrhea indicated?

Answer 21

1. documented fever, abd pain, bloody diarrhea, bacillary dysentary (shigella)
2. returning travelers with 38.5 C or signs of sepsis

Question 22

Empiric abx for bloody diarrhea

Answer 22

fluoroquinolone, azithromycin

Question 23

associated foods of c. jejuni

Answer 23

raw or undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, water