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Paediatrics > Abdominal pain > Flashcards

Abdominal pain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the red flags for abdominal pain?

A 
Poor growth
Weight loss
Nocturnal symptoms
Blood in stool 
Age under 5 
Persistent right-sided pain
FH of IBD 
Chronic NSAID use
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2
Q

Investigations for suspected IBD

A 
FBC 
LFTs 
CRP 
ESR
IGA 
TTG 
Faecal calprotectin
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3
Q

What are the features of dehydration in an infant?

A 
Sunken fontanelle
Dry mucous membranes
Reduced skin turgor 
Tachycardia
Increased cap refill
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4
Q

What are common organisms for gastroenteritis in infants?

A

Adenovirus

Rotavirus

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5
Q

What can cause bloody stools in infants?

A 
Rotavirus
E coli 
Shigella 
Campylobacter 
Intusussception
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6
Q

What are the red flags for vomiting?

A

Blood or bile
Projectile vomit
Bulging fontanelle

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7
Q

How does whooping cough present?

A

Vomiting with paroxysmal cough

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8
Q

How does intestinal obstruction present?

A

Bile stained vomit

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9
Q

What does projectile vomiting under 2 months suggest?

A

Pyloric stenosis

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10
Q

How much ORS should be given after each watery stool?

A

5ml

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11
Q

What advise should be given to parents when child has diarrhoea?

A

Wash hands after changing nappies and before preparing food

No nursery till 48 hours after symptoms end

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12
Q

What is a mild fluid deficit?

A

Up to 40ml/kg

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13
Q

What is a moderate fluid deficit?

A

40-60ml/kg

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14
Q

What is a severe fluid deficit?

A

Over 70ml/kg

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15
Q

What can cause hypernatraemic dehydration?

A

Low sodium diarrhoea

High insensible water losses

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16
Q

What are the clinical features of hypernatraemia?

A 
Jitteriness 
Hypertonia
Hyperreflexia 
Convulsions
Drowsiness or coma
17
Q

When is stool microscopy and culture indicated?

A

Over a week duration
Blood/mucus
Recent travel
Suspected septicaemia

18
Q

What are the indications for IV fluid?

A

Shock
Red flags
Persistent vomiting
Hypoglycaemia

19
Q

What is the fluid treatment for shock?

A

Fluid bolus of 20ml/kg 0.9% sodium chloride

20
Q

How are maintenance fluids calculated?

A

100ml/kg for first 10kg
50ml/kg for next 10kg
20ml/kg from then on
Added together = dose in 24 hours

21
Q

What needs to be done before giving fluids?

A

Weight
U&Es
Blood glucose

22
Q

How much ORS should be given for mild dehydration?

A

50ml/kg over 4 hours

23
Q

How much ORS should be given for moderate dehydration?

A

100ml/kg over 4 hours

24
Q

What antibiotics should be used for campylobacter infection?

A

Erythromycin

25
Q

What antibiotics should be used for a c diff infection?

A

Metronidazole or vancomycin

26
Q

What does haemolytic uraemic syndrome? cause?

A

Progressive renal failure
Thrombocytopaenia
Haemolytic anaemia

27
Q

What is a long term complication of HUS?

A

Hypertension

28
Q

What is the treatment for IBD?

A

5-aminosalicylate drugs
Steroids if needed
Azathioprine (immunosuppressive)
Infliximab

Paediatrics (8 decks)

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