Abdominal Examination Flashcards
What are the abdo causes of clubbing?
cirrhosis, IBD and coeliac disease
What causes kolinychia and what does it look like?
chronic iron deficiency - spooned nails
What causes leuconychia and what does it look like?
hypoalbuminaemia (liver failure, enteropathy) - white nails
What causes palmar erythema (abdo)
liver disease - pregnancy
What are the 4 abdo signs in the hand?
clubbing, kolinychia, leukonychia, palmar erythama and dupytrens.
Whats after hands (abdo)
hepatic flap
Causes of hepatic flap?
hepatic encephalopathy, uraemia
What are you looking for on the arms in abdo?
bruising, petechiae, excoriations, track marks
What to look for in the eyes on abdo?
Xanthelasma, conjunctival pallor and jaundice.
What about in the mouth?
Oral candida, angular stomatitis (iron/B12 def) glossitis
What to check in the neck?
Virchows
How many spider naevi is significant?
> 5
What is cullens sign?
Bruising surrounding umbilicus - retreoperitoneal bleed in pancreatitis or ruptured AAA
What is Grey-turners sign?
bruising in the flanks - reteroperioneal bleed
what are the 5 causes of abdominal distention?
fluid, fat, faeces, flatus, fetus
What is rebound tenderness?
Pain is worsened on releasing the pressure - peritonitis
What causes a pulsatile enlarged liver?
tricuspid regurg
What is the difference in feeling between a pulsatile aorta and an expansile aorta?
Upward = pulsatile Outward = expansile.
What should you be listening to in the abdomen?
bowel sounds, aortic bruit above the umbilicus and renal bruits lateral to the midline above the umbilicus
What is the to complete for abdo?
Hernial orifices
DRE
Examination of external genetalia.
