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Vertebrates I > Abdominal Cavity > Flashcards

Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the epithelium tissue that lines the abdominal cavity?

A

the peritoneum

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2
Q

What is the name of the epithelial tissue that lines the body cavity of the abdomen

A

the parietal peritoneum

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3
Q

What is the name of the epithelial tissue that lines the organs in the abdomen

A

the visceral peritoneum

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4
Q

What is the space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

A

The peritoneum cavity

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5
Q

True or false: the inflammation of the peritoneum is pleurisy

A

False: the inflammation of the peritoneum cavity is called peritonsis

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6
Q

True or False: The parietal peritoneum lines the internal organs of the thoracic cavity while the visceral pleura surrounds the organs of the abdomen

A

False: the parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal wall of the abdominal cavity while the visceral peritoneum surrounds the organs in the abdominal cavity

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7
Q

True of false: the three types of epithelial tissue that surrounds the organs of the abdominal wall are called ligament, viscerthelia and epithila.

A

False: the three types of visceral epithelial tissue are called, ligament, mesentery and omentum.

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8
Q

Where is the diaphragm located?

A

the Diaphragm is posterior to the thoracic cavity and anterior to the abdominal cavity.

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9
Q

True of False: the Liver is located adjacently to the stomach

A

False: the Liver is located posterior to the diaphragm

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10
Q

How many lobes does the liver have?

A

The liver has 5 lobes

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11
Q

True or False: the liver is the largest internal organ in the body

A

True

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12
Q

What are the functions of the Liver?

A

1) involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipid and protein
2) produces bile
3) prepares nitrogenous waste for excretion
4) detoxifies bloodstream of harmful substances
5) primary storage for glycogen and certain vitamins and minerals `

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13
Q

What are the vitamins and minerals that the liver stores

A

The liver stores vitamin A,B(12),D,E and K and minerals iron and copper

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14
Q

True or False: the Thymus gland in a fetus is relatively small

A

False: the thymus is really large in the fetus and as the fetus develops, the thymus decreases in size

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15
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located

A

The Thyroid gland is located ventral to the trachea

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16
Q

Where the thymus gland located

A

the thymus extends from the heart

Lies on either side of the larynx

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17
Q

What is the correct order of pathway?

A

nares, nasal cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, glottis, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, air sacs

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18
Q

What is the thyriod gland

A

The thyroid gland is a small dark structure located ventral to the trachea

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19
Q

What are the important characteristics and functions of a thyroid gland

A

1) The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland
2) secretes iodine containing hormones
3) hormones direct metabolism, development and maturation in the fetus

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20
Q

Where is the location of the gallbladder

A

The Gallbladder is located on the on the inferior surface of the central right lobe

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21
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder

A

Stores bile

22
Q

What is the pathway for bile in the abdomen

A

Liver–> Gallbladder(stays till digestion is needed)—–>Bile Duct—)small intestine

23
Q

True or False: the Stomach is located on under the left lobe of the liver

A

True the stomach is located underneath the left lobe of the liver

24
Q

the____ is a finger like projection that is located under the ______ of the _______

A

The SPLEEN is a finger like projection that is located under the LEFT LOBE of the LIVER

25
Q

The ______ is a large _____ directly under the ______. The _____ is a dark , finger like projection.

A

The stomach is a large whitish sac directly underneath the liver. The spleen is a dark finger like projection.

26
Q

Where does the spleen lie?

A

Between the curvature of the left margin of the stomach and the abdominal wall

27
Q

the spleen is a ______ _______ important in the ________ of _____red _____ ______ and is involved in aspects of the _____ and _______production

A

The Spleen is a lymphatic organ important in the destruction of old red blood cells and is involved in aspects of the immune system and lymphocyte production (White blood cell production)

28
Q

Describe the process of food entry and digestion

A

Food enters in the oral cavity—>pharynx—->esophagus—–>perstalsis(involuntary contraction of smooth muscle)—->Stomach (cardiac chamber)—–>muscular contraction of the stomach wall and gastric juices cause digestion(breakdown of food)

29
Q

Where does the gastric juices of the stomach come from?

A

The gastric juices of the stomach comes from the epithelial lining of the stomach

30
Q

What are the two main components in the gastric juice of adults

A

hydrochloric acid and pepsin (enzyme)

31
Q

What is functions does the acidity of gastric tissue contribute to digestion

A
  1. denatures protein
  2. activates pepsin
  3. breaks down connective tissue in meats
  4. kills most organisms ingested with the food
32
Q

The ____ ____ of new born animals contain____ and ____ ____ two________that aid in the ______ of the mothers _______

A

The gastric juices of new born animals contain renin and gastric lipase two enzymes that aid in the digestion of the mothers milk.

33
Q

Where does food go to after being in the cardiac stomach

A

Pyloric Stomach—->pyloric sphincter——>small intesine

34
Q

What is the role of the Pyloric Stomach

A

it is the smaller chamber of the stomach that receives that digested food from the cardic stomach

35
Q

The Pylorich Sphincter is a___ and its location is?

A

Muscular Valve located at the end of the stomach

36
Q

What is the first segment of the small intensine

A

the duodenum

37
Q

What are the segments of the small intestine

A

There are 3 segments of the small intestine

  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. ileum
38
Q

In the _____ Partially digested food mixes with ___________,___________, and _______

A

In the duodenum, partially digested food mixes with enzymes released from the intestinal epithelium, bile from gallbladder, digestive enzymes from the pancreas

39
Q

The _____ is located adjacent to the duodenum. It is a ______ and it plays a role in the ____ and ______ system

A

the pancreas is located adjacent to the duodenum. It is a gland and it plays a role in the endocrine and digestive system

40
Q

The _____ is the 2nd segment of the small intestine. This is where the _____ of ______ and _____ takes place

A

The Jejunum is the 2nd segment of the small intestine. This is where the bulk of chemical digestion and nutritional absorption takes place

41
Q

The _______ is the 3rd segment of the small intestine. This is the _______ and ______ segment of the small intestine. The ____ ends at a _____ _____ called the _____ _____

A

The ileum is the 3rd segment of the small intestine. This is the final and longest segment of the small intestine. The ileum ends at a muscular sphincter called the ileoccal valve.

42
Q

What is the ileoccal valve?

A
  1. regulates flow of material leaving small intestine and entering the first part of the large intestine
43
Q

What is the first part of the large intestine

A

caecum

44
Q

The _____ is a small pouch or “_____ ____” at the beginning of the _____ ______

A

the caecum is a small pouch or “blind sac” at the beginning of the large intestine

45
Q

What is the use of the caecum in the herbivore vs the human

A

Herbivore: fermentation reservoir and cellulose digestion

Human: appendix and vestigial

46
Q

Describe the colon

A
  1. longest segment of the large intestine
  2. 2nd segment of large intestine
  3. Dorsal midline running posteriorally is called the descending colon.
47
Q

Where does the digestive material go after being in the colon

A

It goes to the rectum

48
Q

Describes what occurs to the digestive material in the large intestine

A

Water is reabsorbed and feces becomes more solid.

49
Q

The _____ material is stored in the ______ until it is released through the _____.

A

the feces material is stored in the rectum until it is released through the anus.

50
Q

What is the purpose of the peritoneal membrane

A
  1. The peritoneal membrane holds organs in place as they move
  2. have friction reducing fluid on surface to allow organs to slide past each other.
51
Q

Infolding of stomach tissue

A

rugae

Vertebrates I (3 decks)

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