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Gastrointestinal Exam 2 > Abdominal Blood Vessels (Anatomy) > Flashcards

Abdominal Blood Vessels (Anatomy) Flashcards

1
Q

Location of Unpaired Visceral Arteries

A

Celiac Trunk (T12)
Superior Mesenteric Trunk (L1)
Inferior Mesenteric Trunk (L3)

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2
Q

Location of Paired Parietal Arteries

A

Inferior Phrenic Arteries (T12)
Subcostal Arteries (T12)
Paired Lumbar Arteries (L1-L4)

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3
Q

Location of Paired VIsceral Arteries

A 
Suprarenal Arteries (Superior, Middle, Inferior)- L1
Renal Arteries (L1/L2)
Gonadal Arteries (L2)
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4
Q

Foregut (feeds: esophagus, stomach, liver and pancreas, biliary apparatus, proximal duodenum)

A

Artery: Celiac Trunk
Parasympathetic Innervation: Vagus Nerve
Sympathetic Innervation: Thoracic Sphlancnic Nerves (T5-T9)
Referred Pain: Epigastrium Region

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5
Q

Midgut (feeds: small intestine, cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, right half of transverse colon)

A 
Artery: Superior Mesenteric Artery
Parasympathetic Innervation: Vagus Nerve
Sympathetic Innervation: thoracic sphlancnic nerves 
(T8-T12)
Referred Pain: Umbilical Region
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6
Q

Hindgut (feeds: left half of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, superior anal canal)

A

Artery: Inferior Mesenteric Artery
Parasympathetic Innervation: pelvic sphlancnic nerves
Sympathetic Innervation: Lumbar sphlancnic nerves (L1-L2)
Referred Pain: Hypogastric Region

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7
Q

Celiac Trunk Variations

A

Variation 1: Celiac Trunk has additional Left/Right Inferior Phrenic Arteries branching of the trunk superiorly

Variation 2: Left Hepatic Artery coming off of Left Gastric Artery

Variation 3: Everything is coming off of the celiac trunk

Variation 4: Right Hepatic Artery comes off of the superior mesenteric artery

Variation 5: Celiac Trunk is divided into 2 regions:

Region 1–> Left Gastric + Splenic Artery are divided on left side

Region 2–> Common Hepatic Artery branches to gastroduodenal a., right gastric, left hepatic a. , right hepatic a.

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8
Q

Vascular Variations of the Liver

A

Variation 1: Left hepatic Artery coming off of the celiac trunk & right hepatic artery comes off the superior mesenteric artery

Variation 2: Left gastric artery may give a branch to form the left hepatic artery

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9
Q

Dual Blood Supply of the Liver

A

Hepatic Portal Vein (sustains the liver parenchyma)

&

Right/Left Hepatic Artery
(sustains non-parenchymal structures) intrahepatic ducts

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10
Q

Blood Supply to the Gallbladder

A

Cystic Artery

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11
Q

Blood Supply to the stomach

A

Left Gastric Artery

Right Gastric Artery

Right Gastroepiploic Artery

Left gastroepiploic artery

Short gastric Arteries

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12
Q

Blood Supply to the Pancreas

A 
Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (comes off celiac trunk)
       \+ divides into 
          anterior and 
          posterior 
          divisions
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (comes off below the celiac trunk)
       \+ divides into 
          anterior and 
          posterior 
          divisions
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13
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery Branches

A

Right Branch:

Middle Colic Artery

Right Colic Artery

Ileocolic Artery
- Appendicular
Artery

Left Branch:

Jejunal Artery
Ileal Artery

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14
Q

Nutcracker Syndrome

A

Nutcracker syndrome occurs when there is a loss of fat in between the SMA Trunk and the Left Renal Vein that causes compression of the vein & 3rd part of the duodenum

-This results in ischemia of the 3rd part of the duodenum and compression of the left renal vein and blood pooling

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15
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

A

Predominantly on the left side–>
+ Left Colic Artery (ascending & descending branches)
+Sigmoid Artery
+Superior Rectal Artery

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16
Q

Rectal Artery Origins

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery–> Superior Rectal Artery

Internal Iliac Artery –> Middle Rectal Artery

Internal Pudendal Artery–> Inferior Rectal Artery

17
Q

Venous Drainage of the Rectum

A

Superior Rectal Vein

Middle Rectal Vein

Inferior Rectal Vein

18
Q

Hemmorhoids

A

Internal Hemmorhoids: damage to the internal venous plexus
*NOT PAINFUL- above pectinate line

External Hemmorhoids: *damage to the external venous plexus
*painful- because located below the pectinate line and innervated by somatic sensory fibers (inferior anal nerves)

19
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

*On right side of the abdominal aorta:

  • 2.5cm to the right
    of midline
  • passes through caval opening of the diaphragm at T8
20
Q

Hepatic portal and Caval Anastomoses

A
  1. ) Esophageal Arteries of Left Gastric Artery + +Azygos Vein
  2. ) Superior Rectal Veins with middle/inferior rectal veins
  3. ) Paraumbilical Veins with the Epigastric veins
  4. ) Retroperitoneal- Colic Veins + systemic retroperitoneal veins
21
Q

Portal Hypertension

A

1.) Esophageal Varices

2.) Caput Madusae
(paraumbilical
vein blood build
up)

3.) Rectal Varices-> Hemorrhoids

22
Q

Abdominal Innervations

A

Parasympathetic: Vagus Nerve + Pelvic Sphlancnic Nerves (descending colon onwards)

Sympathetic:
Greater Sphlancnic Nerves–> Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

Lesser Sphlancnic Nerves–> suprarenal gland, kidneys, ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon

Least Sphlancnic Nerves–> suprarenal glands

Lumbar Sphlancnic Nerves–> descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

23
Q

Abdominal innervation synapses and target organs

A

Greater Sphlancnic Nerves–> Celiac Ganglion–> Liver, Gallbladder, pancreas

Lesser Sphlancnic Nerves–> Aorticorenal Ganglion–> kidneys, suprarenal glands, gonads

Least Sphlancnic Nerves–> aorticorenal ganglion–> kidneys, suprarenal glands

Lumbar Sphlancnic Nerves–> Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion–> descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

24
Q

Pelvic Sphlancnic Nerves (parasympathetic innervations)

A

**Convey presynaptic parasympathetic fibers to the inferior hypogastric plexus which goes to:
+Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum

25
Q

Sympathetic Innervation

A

lateral horn through to the anterior horn of ganglions down the abdominopelvic sphlancnic nerves–> a general prevertebral ganglion (celiac, aorticorenal, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric)–> nerves to the abdominal organs

26
Q

Sympathetic Innervation functions

A

Vasoconstriction & Inhibition of the Peristalsis along the GI Tract

27
Q

Complete set of sympathetic nerve fibers and plexuses

A

cardiopulmonary sphlancnic nerves–> heart & lungs (bronchi, trachea, larynx)

greater sphlancnic nerves–> celiac ganglion–> liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, stomach

lesser sphlancnic nerves–> aorticorenal ganglion–> kidney & suprarenal glands

least sphlancnic nerves–> superior mesenteric ganglion–> large intestine, small intestine, part of the kidney, rectum, internal anal sphincter

lumbar sphlancnic nerves–>
Inferior mesenteric ganglion–> bladder, penis, gonads

28
Q

Visceral Afferents & Association with Pain

A

All visceral afferents above the pectineal line run with sympathetic innervations for pain

Below the pectineal line–> all visceral afferents encoding for pain run through the parasympathetic innervations

29
Q

Visceral Reflexes

A

Visceral Reflexes run with parasympathetics

Gastrointestinal Exam 2 (8 decks)

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