Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Flashcards

1
Q

def

A

abnormal localised dilatation of the abdominal aorta >3cm (or >50% over normal diameter)

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2
Q

where do AAA most commonly occur

A

infrarenal aorta (95%)

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3
Q

aetiology

A
collagen + elastin degeneration in the arterial wall
associated with
1 atherosclerosis
2 arteritis
3 CTD (marfans, ehlers-danlos)
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4
Q

associations/risk factors

A
1 smoking
2 family history (10x risk if first-degree relative affected)
3 HTN
4 CAD
5 popliteal artery aneurysms
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5
Q

what is the risk of rupture of a AAA related to

A

diameter

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6
Q

what is the risk of rupture of a 5-5.9cm AAA

A

3.3%PA

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7
Q

what is the risk of rupture of a 6-6.9cm AAA

A

9.4%PA

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8
Q

what is the risk of rupture of a 7-7.9cm AAA

A

24%PA

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9
Q

epi

A

increases with age

males>females

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10
Q

history

A
commonly asymptomatic
symptomatic
-rupture of undiagnosed AAA
1 epigastric/back pain
2 collapse
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11
Q

DDx for rupture of AAA

A

1 renal colic
2 musculoskeletal
3 diverticulitis

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12
Q

why might an intact AAA cause back pain

A

due to vertebral erosion

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13
Q

why might an intact AAA cause lower limb ischaemia

A

distal embolisation

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14
Q

examination of AAA

A

expansile mass above the umbilicus

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15
Q

examination of ruptured AAA

A

1 abdominal/back tenderness
2 pallor
3 tachycardia
4 hypotension + hypovolaemic shock

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16
Q

investigations

A
1 acute presentation
-bloods (FBC, UEs, clotting, urgent cross-matching of blood)
-ECG
-CXR
2 bedside USS
-to confirm presence + size of aneurysm