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Abdominal Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal causes of finger clubbing

A
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • IBD
  • Cirrhosis
  • Coeliac

HIC

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2
Q

Causes of ascites (exudative)

Also, what is the SAAG?

A
  • Malignancy
  • Pancreatitis
  • Tuberculosis

SAAG < 1.1

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3
Q

Causes of ascites (transudative)

Also, what is the SAAG?

A
  • CCF
  • Cirrhosis and portal hypertension
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Budd-chiari syndrome
  • Portal vein thrombosis

The failures

SAAG > 1.1

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4
Q

Causes of chronic liver disease

A
  • Alcohol
  • Viral hepatitis
  • NAFLD
  • Autoimmune → PSC, PSC & AIH
  • Metabolic → Wilson’s & haemochromatosis
  • Drugs → methotrexate, amiodarone, rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrizinamide

AVNAMD

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5
Q

Complications of chronic liver disease

A
  • Varices
  • Ascites
  • Jaundice
  • Encephalopathy
  • SBP
  • Hepatorenal syndrome, hepatopulmonary syndrome
  • HCC
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6
Q

Complications of dialysis

A
  • Bleeding
  • Infection → peritonitis, site infection
  • Amyloidosis
  • Dialysis washout → hypotension, headache & nausea

BIPAD

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7
Q

Causes of hepatomegaly

A
  • Chronic liver disease
  • Right heart failure
  • Cancer → HCC & mets
  • Hepatic abscess → Hydatid disease and amoebic abscess
  • Sarcoidosis, amyloidosis
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8
Q

Causes of unilateral renal enlargement

A
  • PKD
  • Unilateral hydronephrosis
  • Renal cell carcinoma
  • Simple cyst

PURS

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9
Q

Causes of bilateral renal enlargement

A
  • PKD
  • Amyloidosis
  • Tuberous sclerosis → angiomyolipoma
  • Hydronephrosis
  • Bilateral renal cell carcinoma

PATH B

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10
Q

Aetiology of end-stage renal failure requiring transplant

A
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension
  • ADPKD
  • Glomerulonephritis
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11
Q

Causes of massive splenomegaly

A
  • Myelofibrosis
  • Lymphoproliferative disease
  • Malaria
  • Visceral leishmaniasis
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12
Q

Causes of moderate splenomegaly

A
  • Lymphoproliferative disease
  • Thalassaemia
  • Portal hypertension
  • Glycogen storage disease
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13
Q

Causes of mild splenomegaly

A
  • Haemolysis
  • Infection → infective endocarditis, EBV & viral hepatitis
  • Infiltration → Gaucher’s & Amyloidosis
  • Lymphoproliferative disease
  • Autoimmune → SLE, Felty
  • Polycythaemia rubra vera

HILPA

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14
Q

Drugs that can cause chronic liver disease

A
  • Methotrexate
  • Amoidarone
  • Rifampicin
  • Isoniazid
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15
Q

Causes of jaundice

A
  1. Pre-hepatic
    * Haemolytic anaemia
    * Gilbert’s
  2. Intrahepatic
    * Hepatitis of any cause
    * Decompensated cirrhosis
  3. Extra-hepatic
    * CBD stone
    * Cholangitis
    * Bile duct stricture
    * Malignancy
    * Pancreatitis
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16
Q

Indications for liver transplant

A
  • Cirrhosis
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Fulminant liver failure secondary to paracetamol ocerdose

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