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GI Anatomy > Abdominal > Flashcards

Abdominal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the ligament, shown in yellow, that acts as an inferior border for the surface marking of the abdomen?

A

Inguinal Ligament

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2
Q

The horizontal plane of the abdomen is called the

A

Subcostal and Transtubercular Plane

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3
Q

The vertical plane of the abdomen is called the

A

Midclavicular Plane

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4
Q

Name the nine regions of the abdomen

A 
Right Hypochondrium
Epigastric
Left Hypochondrium
Right Lumbar
Periumbilical
Left Lumbar
Right Iliac Fossa
Hypogastrium
Left Iliac Fossa
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5
Q

What dermatome is the umbilicus in?

A

T10

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6
Q

Rectus Sheath is formed from Aponeurosis of which three muscles

A

External Oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus Abdominis

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7
Q

Within the rectus sheath lie what two muscles:

A

Rectus Abdominis

Pyramidalis

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8
Q

In the centre of the rectus sheath is a horizontal line of connective tissue. This is called the

A

Linea Alba

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9
Q

Function of Pyramidalis

A

Tense Linea Alba

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10
Q

Inferior Abdo Veins drain to

A

Splenic Vein

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11
Q

The Superior Abdo Veins drain to

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

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12
Q

Inferior Abdo Arteries arise from

A

External Iliac Artery

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13
Q

Superior Abdo Arteries arise from

A

Internal Thoracic Artery

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14
Q

Above the Umbilicus the lymphatic drainage goes to

A

Axillary Lymph

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15
Q

Below the umbilicus the lymphatic drainage goes to the

A

Superficial Inguinal Nodes

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16
Q

What makes up roof of inguinal canal

A

Transversals Fascia
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis

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17
Q

What makes up anterior wall of inguinal canal

A

Aponeurosis of External Oblique

Internal Oblique

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18
Q

What makes up floor of inguinal canal

A

Inguinal Ligament

Lacunar Ligament

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19
Q

What makes up posterior wall of inguinal canal

A

Transversals Fascia

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20
Q

The inguinal ligament originates at the anterior superior iliac spine and attaches to the

A

inferiomedially: pubic tubercle and superolaterally ant superior iliac spine. .

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21
Q

The inguinal ligament is formed from the aponeurosis of which muscle?

A

External Oblique

22
Q

The superficial inguinal ring is a break in the aponeurosis of what muscle layer?

A

External Oblique

23
Q

What anatomical point is used surgically to determine the location of the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Pubic Tubercle

24
Q

Where is the deep inguinal ring positioned in relation to the pubic tubercle?

A

Superiolaterally

25
Q

The deep inguinal ring is an oval shaped opening in which muscle layer’s fascia?

A

Transversals Abdominis

26
Q

The inguinal ligament is thickened medially by

A

Lacunar Ligament

27
Q

Contents of Inguinal Canal in Male

A

Spermatic Cord
Ilioinguinal Nerve
Blood and Lymphatics

28
Q

Contents of Inguinal Canal in Female

A

Round Ligament of Uterus
Ilioinguinal Nerve
Blood and Lymphatics

29
Q

How does indirect inguinal hernia happen

A

Congenital weakness in deep inguinal ring

30
Q

Femoral hernias occur where

A

Below inguinal ligament

31
Q

Name the three posterior abdominal walls

A

Psoas Major
Iliacus
Quadratus Lumborum

32
Q

Psoas Major Action

A

Flex thigh inferiorly

Flex vertebrae superior

33
Q

Iliacus Action

A

Flex thigh and Stablise Hip

34
Q

Quadratus Lumborum Action

A

Extend and Lateral Flex Spine

35
Q

What are the 3 main openings in diaphragm

A

Caval Hiatus T8
Oesophageal Hiatus T10
Aortic Hiatus T12

36
Q

What opening does the thoracic duct pass through?

A

T12 Aortic Hiatus

37
Q

The foregut runs from the

A

Oesophagus to Duodenum

38
Q

The midgut runs from the

A

Duodenum to Transverse Colon

39
Q

The handout runs from the

A

Transverse Colon to Rectum

40
Q

The celiac artery supplies the

A

Foregut

41
Q

The superior mesenteric artery supplies

A

Midgut

42
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery supplies the

A

hindfgut

43
Q

The celiac artery comes off the aorta at

A

T12

44
Q

The Sup Mes Artery comes off aorta at

A

L3

45
Q

The inferior mes artery comes off aorta at

A

L3

46
Q

Name the three branches of celiac trunk

A

Left Gastric
Splenic
Common Hepatic

47
Q

The Renal Arteries come off the aorta at

A

L1

48
Q

At what vertebral level does aorta divide into 2 common iliac arteries

A

L4

49
Q

What vertebral level does Common Iliac Vein merge to form IVC

A

L5

50
Q

The portal vein is formed by which 2 major veins

A

Inferior Mes and Sup Mes Veins

51
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain to?

A

Splenic

52
Q

Where are the four sites of the portal-systemic anastomoses?

A

Anorectal Junction: between superior rectal vein and inferior rectal veins
Retroperitoneal: between portal tributaries of mesenteric veins and retroperitoneal veins.
Paraumbilical: between portal veins of liver and veins of anterior abdominal wall.
Oesophageal: between oesophageal branch of left gastric vein and oesophageal tributaries to azygos system.

GI Anatomy (6 decks)

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