Abdominal

Question 1

What is the name of the ligament, shown in yellow, that acts as an inferior border for the surface marking of the abdomen?

Answer 1

Inguinal Ligament

Question 2

The horizontal plane of the abdomen is called the

Answer 2

Subcostal and Transtubercular Plane

Question 3

The vertical plane of the abdomen is called the

Answer 3

Midclavicular Plane

Question 4

Name the nine regions of the abdomen

Answer 4

Right Hypochondrium
Epigastric
Left Hypochondrium
Right Lumbar
Periumbilical
Left Lumbar
Right Iliac Fossa
Hypogastrium
Left Iliac Fossa

Question 5

What dermatome is the umbilicus in?

Answer 5

T10

Question 6

Rectus Sheath is formed from Aponeurosis of which three muscles

Answer 6

External Oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus Abdominis

Question 7

Within the rectus sheath lie what two muscles:

Answer 7

Rectus Abdominis

Pyramidalis

Question 8

In the centre of the rectus sheath is a horizontal line of connective tissue. This is called the

Answer 8

Linea Alba

Question 9

Function of Pyramidalis

Answer 9

Tense Linea Alba

Question 10

Inferior Abdo Veins drain to

Answer 10

Splenic Vein

Question 11

The Superior Abdo Veins drain to

Answer 11

Hepatic Portal Vein

Question 12

Inferior Abdo Arteries arise from

Answer 12

External Iliac Artery

Question 13

Superior Abdo Arteries arise from

Answer 13

Internal Thoracic Artery

Question 14

Above the Umbilicus the lymphatic drainage goes to

Answer 14

Axillary Lymph

Question 15

Below the umbilicus the lymphatic drainage goes to the

Answer 15

Superficial Inguinal Nodes

Question 16

What makes up roof of inguinal canal

Answer 16

Transversals Fascia
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis

Question 17

What makes up anterior wall of inguinal canal

Answer 17

Aponeurosis of External Oblique

Internal Oblique

Question 18

What makes up floor of inguinal canal

Answer 18

Inguinal Ligament

Lacunar Ligament

Question 19

What makes up posterior wall of inguinal canal

Answer 19

Transversals Fascia

Question 20

The inguinal ligament originates at the anterior superior iliac spine and attaches to the

Answer 20

inferiomedially: pubic tubercle and superolaterally ant superior iliac spine. .

Question 21

The inguinal ligament is formed from the aponeurosis of which muscle?

Answer 21

External Oblique

Question 22

The superficial inguinal ring is a break in the aponeurosis of what muscle layer?

Answer 22

External Oblique

Question 23

What anatomical point is used surgically to determine the location of the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 23

Pubic Tubercle

Question 24

Where is the deep inguinal ring positioned in relation to the pubic tubercle?

Answer 24

Superiolaterally

Question 25

The deep inguinal ring is an oval shaped opening in which muscle layer’s fascia?

Answer 25

Transversals Abdominis

Question 26

The inguinal ligament is thickened medially by

Answer 26

Lacunar Ligament

Question 27

Contents of Inguinal Canal in Male

Answer 27

Spermatic Cord Ilioinguinal Nerve Blood and Lymphatics

Question 28

Contents of Inguinal Canal in Female

Answer 28

Round Ligament of Uterus Ilioinguinal Nerve Blood and Lymphatics

Question 29

How does indirect inguinal hernia happen

Answer 29

Congenital weakness in deep inguinal ring

Question 30

Femoral hernias occur where

Answer 30

Below inguinal ligament

Question 31

Name the three posterior abdominal walls

Answer 31

Psoas Major Iliacus Quadratus Lumborum

Question 32

Psoas Major Action

Answer 32

Flex thigh inferiorly | Flex vertebrae superior

Question 33

Iliacus Action

Answer 33

Flex thigh and Stablise Hip

Question 34

Quadratus Lumborum Action

Answer 34

Extend and Lateral Flex Spine

Question 35

What are the 3 main openings in diaphragm

Answer 35

Caval Hiatus T8 Oesophageal Hiatus T10 Aortic Hiatus T12

Question 36

What opening does the thoracic duct pass through?

Answer 36

T12 Aortic Hiatus

Question 37

The foregut runs from the

Answer 37

Oesophagus to Duodenum

Question 38

The midgut runs from the

Answer 38

Duodenum to Transverse Colon

Question 39

The handout runs from the

Answer 39

Transverse Colon to Rectum

Question 40

The celiac artery supplies the

Answer 40

Foregut

Question 41

The superior mesenteric artery supplies

Answer 41

Midgut

Question 42

The inferior mesenteric artery supplies the

Answer 42

hindfgut

Question 43

The celiac artery comes off the aorta at

Answer 43

T12

Question 44

The Sup Mes Artery comes off aorta at

Answer 44

L3

Question 45

The inferior mes artery comes off aorta at

Answer 45

L3

Question 46

Name the three branches of celiac trunk

Answer 46

Left Gastric Splenic Common Hepatic

Question 47

The Renal Arteries come off the aorta at

Answer 47

L1

Question 48

At what vertebral level does aorta divide into 2 common iliac arteries

Answer 48

L4

Question 49

What vertebral level does Common Iliac Vein merge to form IVC

Answer 49

L5

Question 50

The portal vein is formed by which 2 major veins

Answer 50

Inferior Mes and Sup Mes Veins

Question 51

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain to?

Answer 51

Splenic

Question 52

Where are the four sites of the portal-systemic anastomoses?

Answer 52

Anorectal Junction: between superior rectal vein and inferior rectal veins Retroperitoneal: between portal tributaries of mesenteric veins and retroperitoneal veins. Paraumbilical: between portal veins of liver and veins of anterior abdominal wall. Oesophageal: between oesophageal branch of left gastric vein and oesophageal tributaries to azygos system.