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GI Anatomy > Abdo 2 > Flashcards

Abdo 2 Flashcards

1
Q

GI Secretion Parasympathetic and Sympathetic effects

A

Parasymp - Increase

Symp - Decrease

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2
Q

GI Peristalsis Parasymp and Symp Effects

A

Parasymp Increase

Symp Decrease

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3
Q

GI Blood Vessels Vasodilation is related to and Vasoconstriction to

A

Parasymp Vasodilation

Symp Vasoconstriction

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4
Q

What is the effect of vagotomy on gastric secretion?

A

Permanent Decreased Gastric

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5
Q

The foregut tends to refer to which region for pain

A

Epigastric

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6
Q

The midgut tends to refer to which region for pain

A

Umbilical

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7
Q

The handout tends to refer to which region for pain

A

Suprapubic

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8
Q

The lumbar plexus originates from which ventral rami

A

L1-4

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9
Q

The lumbar plexus is formed within which muscle

A

Psoas Major

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10
Q

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal Nerve Roots

A

L1

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11
Q

Genitofemoral Nerve Root

A

L1,2

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12
Q

Lat Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh Root

A

L3,4

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13
Q

Obturator Nerve Root

A

L3,4,5

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14
Q

Femoral Nerve Root

A

L2,L3,4

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15
Q

Kidneys lie where

A

L3

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16
Q

What is the anterior- to- posterior arrangement of the structures entering and leaving the hilum of kidney?

A

Renal Vein, Artery, Ureter

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17
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

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18
Q

How are ureters peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

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19
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised?

A

Pelvis of Ureters

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20
Q

The Ureter is normally constricted at 3 locations during its course from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Name these constriction points.

A
  1. At the junction of the ureters and renal pelvis (pelviureteric junction)
  2. Where the ureters cross the brim of the pelvic inlet
  3. During their passage through the wall of the urinary bladder.
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21
Q

What is the anatomical location of the suprarenal gland?

A

Directly Sup to Kidney

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22
Q

What type of gland is Adrenal Gland

A

Endocrine

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23
Q

What is the name given to:

The peritoneum lining the body wall?

A

Parietal Peritoneum

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24
Q

Parietal Peritoneum is derived from

A

Somatic Mesoderm

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25
Q

What is the name given to peritoneum lining viscera

A

Visceral

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26
Q

The Visceral peritoneum is derived from

A

Splanchic Mesoderm

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27
Q

Which layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain, heat & cold?

A

Parietal

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28
Q

There are no organs within the peritoneal cavity. What is present within the peritoneal cavity?

A

Peritoneal Fluid

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29
Q

Name the Retroperitoneal Organs

A 
· S: suprarenal (adrenal) gland
· A: aorta/IVC
· D: duodenum (second and third part)
· P: pancreas (except tail)
· U: ureters
· C: colon (ascending and descending)
· K: kidneys
· E: (o)esophagus
R: rectum
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30
Q

Through which passage do greater and lesser sac communicate

A

Mental Foramen

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31
Q

Describe the boundaries of the epiploic foramen

A

Anteriorly: hepatoduodenal ligament containing portal vien, hepatic artery and bile duct
Posteriorly: IVC and right crus of diaphragm covered with parietal peritoneum,
Superior: liver covered with visceral peritoneum
Inferior: superior to first part of duodenum.

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32
Q

The greater momentum attaches from

A

greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

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33
Q

The lesser momentum attaches from

A

the liver to the lesser omentum

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34
Q

Pain from parietal peritoneum is innervated by

A

T6-12 and L1

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35
Q

The hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments are parts of the

A

lESSER omENTUM

36
Q

What is the falciform ligament and what structures lie within its free border?

A

The Falciform ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and seperates the liver into the left medial and right lateral lobe. The free edge contains the ligamentum teres, a remnant of the umbilical vein.

37
Q

What structure in the free edge of the falciform ligament is a remnant of an embryonic blood vessel?

A

Ligamentum Teres

38
Q

Ligamentum Teres is known as what in embryo

A

Umbilical Vein

39
Q

What is the transpyloric plane?

A

Transverse line half way between jugular suprasternal notch and pubic symphysis which transverses through pylorus.

40
Q

List the structures in Transpyloric Plane

A
  1. Pylorus of stomach
  2. Hilum of Kidney
  3. Neck of Pancreas
  4. Gallbladder
    9th Costal Cartilage
41
Q

Which costal cartilage is gallbladder marking

A

9th

42
Q

The spleen is found under ribs

A

9-11

43
Q

The foregut runs from oesophagus to

A

Duodenum

44
Q

The midgut runs from duodenum to

A

transverse colon

45
Q

hindgut runs from transverse colon to

A

rectum

46
Q

How long is oesophagus

A

25cm

47
Q

the constrictions of oesophagus

A

It has 3 constrictions: cervical, thoracic and diaphragmatic

48
Q

In which mediastinum is the oesophagus located?

A

Superior

49
Q

What is the vertebral level of the oesophageal opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm?

A

T10

50
Q

What are the other structures which pass through the diaphragm at the oesophageal opening?

A
  1. Oesophagus
  2. Right and Left Vagus Nerves
  3. Left Gastric Artery
    Left Gastric Vein
51
Q

Oesophagus blood supply

A

Left Gastric and Left Inferior Phrenic Artery

52
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter do

A

Controls exit of chyme

53
Q

The pyloric sphincter is formed from

A

thickening of circular layer of smooth muscle

54
Q

What are the 4 main veins draining stomach

A
  1. Left Gastric Vein which drains into the hepatic portal vein.
  2. Right Gastric Vein which drains into the hepatic portal vein.
  3. Left Gastro Omental Vein which drains first to the splenic vein then to the hepatic portal vein.
    4 Right Gastro Omental Vein which drains first to the superior mesenteric vein then to the hepatic portal vein.
55
Q

All nodes of stomach the drain to one central group of nodes. What group of nodes do they drain to?

A

Coeliac Lymph nodes

56
Q

Parasympathetic nerves for stomach come from ant and pos vagal trunks derived from

A

vagus nerve

57
Q

symp nerves for stomach comes from

A

T6-9 and pass to coeliac plexus via greater splanchnic nerve

58
Q

How many parts does duodenum have

A

Four

59
Q

What organ sits within c shape of duodenum

A

Pancreas

60
Q

Duodenum peritonised

A

Retropertioneal

61
Q

There is a small opening in the duodenum where pancreatic and bile fluids enter the gut tube. What is this opening called?

A

Ampulla of Vater

62
Q

What is meant by the term ‘bare area’ of the liver?

A

No peritoneal covering

63
Q

Round ligament of liver (also called as ligamentum teres) is the remnant of which embryological structure?

A

Foetal Umbilical Vein

64
Q

Name structures present in the porta hepatis:

A
  1. Hepatic Portal vein
  2. Hepatic Artery
  3. Hepatic Duct
  4. Hepatic Nerve Plexus
    Lymphatic Vessels
65
Q

What structures are in the portal triad?

A

Portal Venule
Hepatic Artery
Bile Duct

66
Q

Where does central vein drain to

A

IVC

67
Q

The extra hepatic biliary apparatus consists of

A
  1. Left hepatic duct
  2. Right hepatic duct
  3. Common hepatic duct
  4. Gallbladder
  5. Cystic Duct
    Common bile duct
68
Q

Where is bile produced

A

Hepatocytes

69
Q

While is bile stored

A

Gallbladder

70
Q

Where does bile enter gut tube

A

Major Duodenal Papilla (Sphincter of Oddi)

71
Q

Calot’s Triangle is formed by

A

Cystic Duct, Common Hep Duct and Inferior Liver

72
Q

How is the pancreas peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

73
Q

Which vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

74
Q

Arterial supply of pancreas

A

Coeliac Trunk and Sup Mes Artery

75
Q

Venous drainage of Pancreas

A

Splenic or Sup Mes Veins

76
Q

Nerve supply of Pancreas

A

Pre-Aortic at T12 and to Pre Aortic at L1

77
Q

How is spleen peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

78
Q

Name the structures in hilum of spleen

A

Splenic Artery, Vein and Lymphatic Vessels

79
Q

The tail of which organ is closely related to hilum of the spleen?

A

Pancreas

80
Q

The small intestine consists of

A

Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum

81
Q

Jejunum Arterial Loops Characteristics

A 
Deep Red
Great Vascularity
Long Vasa Recta
Less Fat
Large, Tall and Close Packed Circular Folds
82
Q

Ileum Arterial Loops Characteristics

A 
Paler Pink
Less Vascularity
Short Vasa Recta
More Fat
Many Short Loops
Low and Sparse Circular Folds
83
Q

Which major blood vessel supplies the jejunum and ileum?

A

Sup Mes Artery

84
Q

Where do the veins surrounding the jejunum and ileum drain to?

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

85
Q

Which part of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic or parasympathetic) stimulations reduces the secretion and motility of the intestine and also acts as vasoconstrictor?

A

Sympathetic

86
Q

What two structures open into the caecum?

A

Ileum and Appendix

87
Q

What is the pectinate line?

A

It divides the anal canal into upper and lower parts, which differ in structure and neurovascular supply.

GI Anatomy (6 decks)

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