Abdo 2 Flashcards
GI Secretion Parasympathetic and Sympathetic effects
Parasymp - Increase
Symp - Decrease
GI Peristalsis Parasymp and Symp Effects
Parasymp Increase
Symp Decrease
GI Blood Vessels Vasodilation is related to and Vasoconstriction to
Parasymp Vasodilation
Symp Vasoconstriction
What is the effect of vagotomy on gastric secretion?
Permanent Decreased Gastric
The foregut tends to refer to which region for pain
Epigastric
The midgut tends to refer to which region for pain
Umbilical
The handout tends to refer to which region for pain
Suprapubic
The lumbar plexus originates from which ventral rami
L1-4
The lumbar plexus is formed within which muscle
Psoas Major
Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal Nerve Roots
L1
Genitofemoral Nerve Root
L1,2
Lat Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh Root
L3,4
Obturator Nerve Root
L3,4,5
Femoral Nerve Root
L2,L3,4
Kidneys lie where
L3
What is the anterior- to- posterior arrangement of the structures entering and leaving the hilum of kidney?
Renal Vein, Artery, Ureter
How are the kidneys peritonised?
Retroperitoneal
How are ureters peritonised
Retroperitoneal
How are the kidneys peritonised?
Pelvis of Ureters
The Ureter is normally constricted at 3 locations during its course from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Name these constriction points.
- At the junction of the ureters and renal pelvis (pelviureteric junction)
- Where the ureters cross the brim of the pelvic inlet
- During their passage through the wall of the urinary bladder.
What is the anatomical location of the suprarenal gland?
Directly Sup to Kidney
What type of gland is Adrenal Gland
Endocrine
What is the name given to:
The peritoneum lining the body wall?
Parietal Peritoneum
Parietal Peritoneum is derived from
Somatic Mesoderm
What is the name given to peritoneum lining viscera
Visceral
The Visceral peritoneum is derived from
Splanchic Mesoderm
Which layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain, heat & cold?
Parietal
There are no organs within the peritoneal cavity. What is present within the peritoneal cavity?
Peritoneal Fluid
Name the Retroperitoneal Organs
· S: suprarenal (adrenal) gland · A: aorta/IVC · D: duodenum (second and third part) · P: pancreas (except tail) · U: ureters · C: colon (ascending and descending) · K: kidneys · E: (o)esophagus R: rectum
Through which passage do greater and lesser sac communicate
Mental Foramen
Describe the boundaries of the epiploic foramen
Anteriorly: hepatoduodenal ligament containing portal vien, hepatic artery and bile duct
Posteriorly: IVC and right crus of diaphragm covered with parietal peritoneum,
Superior: liver covered with visceral peritoneum
Inferior: superior to first part of duodenum.
The greater momentum attaches from
greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
The lesser momentum attaches from
the liver to the lesser omentum
Pain from parietal peritoneum is innervated by
T6-12 and L1
The hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments are parts of the
lESSER omENTUM
What is the falciform ligament and what structures lie within its free border?
The Falciform ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and seperates the liver into the left medial and right lateral lobe. The free edge contains the ligamentum teres, a remnant of the umbilical vein.
What structure in the free edge of the falciform ligament is a remnant of an embryonic blood vessel?
Ligamentum Teres
Ligamentum Teres is known as what in embryo
Umbilical Vein
What is the transpyloric plane?
Transverse line half way between jugular suprasternal notch and pubic symphysis which transverses through pylorus.
List the structures in Transpyloric Plane
- Pylorus of stomach
- Hilum of Kidney
- Neck of Pancreas
- Gallbladder
9th Costal Cartilage
Which costal cartilage is gallbladder marking
9th
The spleen is found under ribs
9-11
The foregut runs from oesophagus to
Duodenum
The midgut runs from duodenum to
transverse colon
hindgut runs from transverse colon to
rectum
How long is oesophagus
25cm
the constrictions of oesophagus
It has 3 constrictions: cervical, thoracic and diaphragmatic
In which mediastinum is the oesophagus located?
Superior
What is the vertebral level of the oesophageal opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm?
T10
What are the other structures which pass through the diaphragm at the oesophageal opening?
- Oesophagus
- Right and Left Vagus Nerves
- Left Gastric Artery
Left Gastric Vein
Oesophagus blood supply
Left Gastric and Left Inferior Phrenic Artery
What does the pyloric sphincter do
Controls exit of chyme
The pyloric sphincter is formed from
thickening of circular layer of smooth muscle
What are the 4 main veins draining stomach
- Left Gastric Vein which drains into the hepatic portal vein.
- Right Gastric Vein which drains into the hepatic portal vein.
- Left Gastro Omental Vein which drains first to the splenic vein then to the hepatic portal vein.
4 Right Gastro Omental Vein which drains first to the superior mesenteric vein then to the hepatic portal vein.
All nodes of stomach the drain to one central group of nodes. What group of nodes do they drain to?
Coeliac Lymph nodes
Parasympathetic nerves for stomach come from ant and pos vagal trunks derived from
vagus nerve
symp nerves for stomach comes from
T6-9 and pass to coeliac plexus via greater splanchnic nerve
How many parts does duodenum have
Four
What organ sits within c shape of duodenum
Pancreas
Duodenum peritonised
Retropertioneal
There is a small opening in the duodenum where pancreatic and bile fluids enter the gut tube. What is this opening called?
Ampulla of Vater
What is meant by the term ‘bare area’ of the liver?
No peritoneal covering
Round ligament of liver (also called as ligamentum teres) is the remnant of which embryological structure?
Foetal Umbilical Vein
Name structures present in the porta hepatis:
- Hepatic Portal vein
- Hepatic Artery
- Hepatic Duct
- Hepatic Nerve Plexus
Lymphatic Vessels
What structures are in the portal triad?
Portal Venule
Hepatic Artery
Bile Duct
Where does central vein drain to
IVC
The extra hepatic biliary apparatus consists of
- Left hepatic duct
- Right hepatic duct
- Common hepatic duct
- Gallbladder
- Cystic Duct
Common bile duct
Where is bile produced
Hepatocytes
While is bile stored
Gallbladder
Where does bile enter gut tube
Major Duodenal Papilla (Sphincter of Oddi)
Calot’s Triangle is formed by
Cystic Duct, Common Hep Duct and Inferior Liver
How is the pancreas peritonised?
Retroperitoneal
Which vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?
Hepatic Portal Vein
Arterial supply of pancreas
Coeliac Trunk and Sup Mes Artery
Venous drainage of Pancreas
Splenic or Sup Mes Veins
Nerve supply of Pancreas
Pre-Aortic at T12 and to Pre Aortic at L1
How is spleen peritonised
Retroperitoneal
Name the structures in hilum of spleen
Splenic Artery, Vein and Lymphatic Vessels
The tail of which organ is closely related to hilum of the spleen?
Pancreas
The small intestine consists of
Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum
Jejunum Arterial Loops Characteristics
Deep Red Great Vascularity Long Vasa Recta Less Fat Large, Tall and Close Packed Circular Folds
Ileum Arterial Loops Characteristics
Paler Pink Less Vascularity Short Vasa Recta More Fat Many Short Loops Low and Sparse Circular Folds
Which major blood vessel supplies the jejunum and ileum?
Sup Mes Artery
Where do the veins surrounding the jejunum and ileum drain to?
Hepatic Portal Vein
Which part of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic or parasympathetic) stimulations reduces the secretion and motility of the intestine and also acts as vasoconstrictor?
Sympathetic
What two structures open into the caecum?
Ileum and Appendix
What is the pectinate line?
It divides the anal canal into upper and lower parts, which differ in structure and neurovascular supply.
