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anatomy > abdomenal organs > Flashcards

abdomenal organs Flashcards

1
Q

what is esophagus and its length

A

a muscular tube connects the pharynx (lower border of cricoid cartilage) and stomach
starts at the level of C6 and ends at the level of T11(cardiac orifice of the stomach )
(25 cm)

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2
Q

parts of the esophagus

A

cervical
thorasic (logest part)
abdominal (shortest part 2 cm)

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3
Q

pathway of the esophagus

A

it starts anterior to the vertebral column, in the medline
as it approches to the diaphragm, it goes anterior to the left crossing the thoracic aorta.

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4
Q

at which level the esophagus passes the diaphragm?

A

T10

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5
Q

anterior relations of the esophagus

A

trachea
tracheal bifurcation
left main bronchus
right pulmonary artery
pericardium
diaphragm

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6
Q

posterior relations of the esophagus

A

vertebral column
hemiazygos vein
right posterior intercostal arteries

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7
Q

what are the two specific relations of the esophagus

A

thoracic duct
thoracic aorta

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8
Q

what are the specific relation of the esophagus

A

thoracic duct (triple relation)
thoracic aorta (double relation)

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9
Q

describe the thoracic duct relation with the esophagus

A

3 relations: ascends from the right then posterior then left to the esophagus

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10
Q

describe the thoracic aorta relation with the esophagus

A

double relation: as it descends, begins in the left to the esophagus and then becomes posterior

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11
Q

what are the narrowing sites of the esophagus

A

its beginning
sup mediastinum: by aortic arch
posterior mediastinum: by left bronchus
at the diaghrams (esophageal hiatus)

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12
Q

what are the regions in which the stomach exist

A

left hypochodrium
umbilical
epigastric

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13
Q

stomach is not covered by ribs

A

false

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14
Q

which parts of the stomach are fixed and mobile

A

fixed at both ends
mobile in between

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15
Q

which shape does the stomach take

A

J shape

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16
Q

what are the parts of the stomach

A

fundus
body
pyloric antrum

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17
Q

which part of stomach that has a dome shape

A

fundus

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18
Q

describe the position of fundus

A

projection upward and left to the cardiac orifice

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19
Q

which part of somach is ful of gaz

A

fundus

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20
Q

extension of the body of stomach

A

extends from the cardic orifice to the incisura angularis

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21
Q

what is incisura angularis

A

constant notch in the lower part of the lesser omentum

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22
Q

extension of pyloric amtrum

A

from incisura angularis to the pylorus

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23
Q

what are the curvature of the stomach and describe each one of them

A

lesser: from the cardiac orifce to pylorus, suspended from the liver by lesser omentum
great: feom the left of the cardiac orifice, passes over the dome of the fungus and along the left border of stomach

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24
Q

gastrosplenic omentum

A

extends from the upper part of geater curvature to the spleen

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25
Q

greater omentum

A

from the lower part of greater curvature to the transvers colon

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26
Q

pyloric orifice is made by

A

pyloric canal

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27
Q

walls of the stomach

A

serosa: connective tissue continuous with peritoneum
muscular wall: longitidunal, circular, and oblique fibers
mucous membrane: thrown into folds (logitudinal), which flattens when distends

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28
Q

anterior relations of stomach

A

left costal cartilage
left pleura
diaphragm
left lobe of liver
anterior abdominal wall

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29
Q

posterior relations of stomach

A

spleen
suprarenal
kidney
pancreas
transverse mesocolon
liver

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30
Q

duodenum shape

A

C shape
the widest
retiropetoneal except its beginning

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31
Q

what is hepatoduodenal ligament

A

ligament connecting the beginning of duodenum to the liver
it is a part of lesser omentum

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32
Q

parts of duodenum

A

superior: pyloric orifice to the neck of gallbladder
right of vertebra L1
anterior to bile duct, gastrodudonal artery,
and inferior vena cava
descending: contains major and minor papilla
inferior: the logest, crosses the IVC aorta and
vertebral column, crossed by sup mesentric
artery and vein
ascending: passes upward on or to the left of aorta to
L2, terminates at duodenojejunal flexure which is
surrounded by fold of peritoneum containing muscle fibers (ligaments of Treitz)

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33
Q

how does jejunum represent of small intestine

A

2/5

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34
Q

position of jejunum

A

left upper quadrant of abdomen

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35
Q

ileum has larger diameter and thicker wall than jejunum

A

false

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36
Q

jejunum has larger diameter and thicker wall than ileum

A

true

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37
Q

thenlast part of small intestine

A

ileum

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38
Q

how much does the leum represent

A

3/5

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39
Q

position of ileum

A

right lower quadrant

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40
Q

the logest and shortest part of colon

A

transverse
anal canal

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41
Q

describe appendices epiploicae

A

covers the colon
fat filled projections of peritoneum

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42
Q

tinea coli

A

3 thickned bands from the outer longitudinal muscle layer

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43
Q

sacculations

A

pouches formed by bulging of the walll between tinea coli

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44
Q

first part of colon

A

cecum

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45
Q

location of cecum

A

right iliac fossa

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46
Q

cecum is reteropetoneal

A

false

47
Q

communication of cecum

A

ileum: posteromedial at the junction between ileum and ascending colon
appendix: posteromedial bellow ileum junction
ascending colon: continuous upward

48
Q

what forms ileocecal valve

A

2 lips (sup and inf) which meet at right and left frenula

49
Q

which type of muscles form the sphincter of ileocecal valve

A

circular

50
Q

what does the vermiform appendix contain

A

lymphoid tissue

51
Q

how long is the appendix

A

2 20 cm

52
Q

describe McBurney’s point

A
53
Q

location and positions of appendix

A

right ilac fossa
5 positions: retricecal, pelvic, subcecal, pre ileal, post ileal.

54
Q

extensions of ascending colon

A

upper cecum to inferior surface of liver

55
Q

posterior relations of ascending colon

A

bones: iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
muscles: iliacus, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis
nerves: iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, lateral cutaneous
organs: right kidney

56
Q

posterior relations of descending colon

A

bone: iliac crest, iliolumbar ligames
muscles: iliacus, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis
nerves: iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, lateral cutaneous , subcostal and femoral.
organs: left kidney
vessels: left iliac + gonadal vessels

57
Q

right colic flexure position

A

between right lobe of liver and right kidney

57
Q

right colic flexure position

A

between right lobe of liver and right kidney

58
Q

left colic flexure position

A

anterior to tail of pancreas+ spleen + left kidney

59
Q

transverse colon is mobile

A

true

60
Q

transverse colon is suspended by

A

peritoneal fold (transverse mesocolon)

61
Q

anterior covering of trans colon

A

greater omentum

62
Q

posterior relations of trans colon

A

right ==> left
2en part of duodenum ==> head of pancreas ==> duodeno jejunal flexure ==> left kidney

63
Q

superior relations of trans colon

A

right ==> left
liver ==>gall bllader ==> greater curvature of stomach ==> spleen

64
Q

inferior relations of trans colon

A

coils of small intestien

65
Q

descending loop of sigmoidal colon relation

A

in contact with pelvic brim
related to left (external iliac vessels +obturator nerve+ vas deferens (male) + ovaries (female)

66
Q

horizontal part of digmoidal colon relation

A

medially between
urinary bladder and rectum (male)
uterus and rectum (female)

67
Q

extention of sigmoidal colon

A

pelvic brim to S3

68
Q

extension of rectum

A

S3 to one inch (2,5 cm) below coccyx

69
Q

peritoneum covering the rectum

A

posterior has no covering
anterior: sup 1/3: ant and lateral
middle 1/3: ant only
lower 1/3: no covering

70
Q

how many peritoneal pouches on rectum does female and male have

A

female 2: douglas and utero vesical
male 1: recto vesical

71
Q

anterior relations of rectum in male

A

rectovesical pouch contains: sigmoid colon+ coils of small intestine
base of bladder+ seminal vesicles+ prostate

72
Q

anterior relations of rectum in female

A

rectovaginal pouch contains: sigmoid colon+ coils of small intestine
vagina

73
Q

posterior relation of rectum

A

bones: S3-5 + coccyx
muscles: coccygeus+ piriformis
nerves: sympathetic chain+ pelvic splanchnic+ S3-5 Co1 ventral rami
arteries: median sacral+ superior rectal+ 3rd 4th lateral sacral.

74
Q

what is the largest gland ib body

A

liver

75
Q

weight of liver

A

1,5-1,8 Kg

76
Q

site occupied by liver

A

right hypochodrium
epigastic
left hypogastrium

77
Q

describe shape of liver

A

wedge shaped

78
Q

the base of liver is directed toward to

A

right

79
Q

tapered end of liver is directed toward

A

left

79
Q

how many surface does the liver have

A

4
right lateral
anterior
superior
posterior

79
Q

tapered end of liver is directed toward

A

left

80
Q

describe each surface of liver

A

right: separated by diphrage from right lung, pleura, and 7th-11th ribs
anterior: separated by diaphragm from both lungs and pleuae
superior: separated by diaphragm both lungs+ pleurae+ pericardium
posterior: attached to diaphragm by CT (bare area)

81
Q

recesses associated with the diaphragmatic portion of the liver

A

sub-phrenic: separate the liver from diaphragm(devided anteriorly to right and left by falciform ligament)
hepato-renal: between right side of liver and right kidney.

82
Q

describe the peritoneum of liver

A

folds called ligaments:
falciform (anterior)
coronary (ant and post)
triangular(right and left)
lesser omentum(lesser curvature and stomach)

83
Q

anatomical division of liver

A

right and left lobes
by falciform, ligamentum venosum and teres

84
Q

functional division of liver

A

right and left by (imaginary line passing through groove for IVC and fossa for gall bladder)

85
Q

describe the arterial supply of liver

A

hepatic artery: (20%)
portal vein: 80%
each devides to right and left branche to functional lobes

86
Q

supporting factors of liver

A

vascular: hepatic (main)+ portal
ligaments: left triangular+ teres
inta abdominal pressure

87
Q

components of biliary system

A

hepatic ducts (right and left) ==> common hepatic duct.
gall bladder
cystic duct
common bile duct

88
Q

length of common hepatic duct

A

3 cm

89
Q

position of common hepatic duct in relation to hepatic artery, potal vain

A

right to of hepatic artery
anterior to portal vein

90
Q

length of cystic duct

A

3-4cm

91
Q

from where does the cystic duct merge

A

neck of gall bladder

92
Q

what forms the common bile duct

A

cystic duct + common hepatic bile duct

93
Q

length and diametre of common bile duct

A

7.5 cm and 6 mm in diametre.

94
Q

describe the pathway of common bile duct

A

free border of lesser omentum ==> behind 1st part of duodenum ==> behind the head of pancrea.

95
Q

parts of gall bladder

A

fundus, body, neck

96
Q

projections of the fundus of gall bladder

A

downward, forward, to the right( beyond the inferior border of thr liver)

97
Q

fundus is anteriorly related to ……….
and posteriorly to ……….

A

abdominal wall
transverse colon

98
Q

projection of the body of gall bladder

A

upward, backward, and to left

99
Q

parts of common bile duct

A

supra duodenal
retro duodenal
infra duodenal

100
Q

relation of the body of gall bladder

A

posterior to liver
anterior to transvers colon

101
Q

dimensions of gall bladder

A

7-10 cm long
3 cm broad
capacity of 30-50 ml

102
Q

relations of supra duodenal part of common bile duct

A

runs in free border of lesser omentum.
anterior: liver
posterior: portal vein
left side: hepatic artery

103
Q

relations of retro duodenal part of common bile duct

A

behind 1st part of duodenum
anterior to: IVC
to the left: gastroduodenal artery

104
Q

relations of infra duodenal

A

runs in groove on posterior surface of head of pencreas
anterior to : IVC

105
Q

position of pencreas

A

transversely across the posterior abdominal wall
epigastric
left hypochondrial region

106
Q

parts of penceas

A

Head: expanded and has uncinate process
neck: constricted part the head
Body: main bulk of the gland
Tail: tepered end

107
Q

anterior relations of head of pencreas

A

transverse colon
coils of jejunum
sup mesenteric vessels (in front of uncinate process)

108
Q

posterior relations of head of pencreas

A

right crus of diaphragm
bile duct
IVC
aorta (posterior to uncinate process)

109
Q

anterior relations of neck of pencreas

A

pylorus
gastrodudenal artery (in front of junction between head and neck)

110
Q

posterior relations of neck of pencreas

A

begining of portal vein (union of splenic and sup mesenteric)

anatomy (4 decks)

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