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abdomenal organs Flashcards

(113 cards)

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1
Q

what is esophagus and its length

A

a muscular tube connects the pharynx (lower border of cricoid cartilage) and stomach
starts at the level of C6 and ends at the level of T11(cardiac orifice of the stomach )
(25 cm)

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2
Q

parts of the esophagus

A

cervical
thorasic (logest part)
abdominal (shortest part 2 cm)

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3
Q

pathway of the esophagus

A

it starts anterior to the vertebral column, in the medline
as it approches to the diaphragm, it goes anterior to the left crossing the thoracic aorta.

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4
Q

at which level the esophagus passes the diaphragm?

A

T10

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5
Q

anterior relations of the esophagus

A

trachea
tracheal bifurcation
left main bronchus
right pulmonary artery
pericardium
diaphragm

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6
Q

posterior relations of the esophagus

A

vertebral column
hemiazygos vein
right posterior intercostal arteries

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7
Q

what are the two specific relations of the esophagus

A

thoracic duct
thoracic aorta

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8
Q

what are the specific relation of the esophagus

A

thoracic duct (triple relation)
thoracic aorta (double relation)

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9
Q

describe the thoracic duct relation with the esophagus

A

3 relations: ascends from the right then posterior then left to the esophagus

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10
Q

describe the thoracic aorta relation with the esophagus

A

double relation: as it descends, begins in the left to the esophagus and then becomes posterior

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11
Q

what are the narrowing sites of the esophagus

A

its beginning
sup mediastinum: by aortic arch
posterior mediastinum: by left bronchus
at the diaghrams (esophageal hiatus)

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12
Q

what are the regions in which the stomach exist

A

left hypochodrium
umbilical
epigastric

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13
Q

stomach is not covered by ribs

A

false

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14
Q

which parts of the stomach are fixed and mobile

A

fixed at both ends
mobile in between

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15
Q

which shape does the stomach take

A

J shape

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16
Q

what are the parts of the stomach

A

fundus
body
pyloric antrum

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17
Q

which part of stomach that has a dome shape

A

fundus

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18
Q

describe the position of fundus

A

projection upward and left to the cardiac orifice

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19
Q

which part of somach is ful of gaz

A

fundus

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20
Q

extension of the body of stomach

A

extends from the cardic orifice to the incisura angularis

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21
Q

what is incisura angularis

A

constant notch in the lower part of the lesser omentum

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22
Q

extension of pyloric amtrum

A

from incisura angularis to the pylorus

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23
Q

what are the curvature of the stomach and describe each one of them

A

lesser: from the cardiac orifce to pylorus, suspended from the liver by lesser omentum
great: feom the left of the cardiac orifice, passes over the dome of the fungus and along the left border of stomach

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24
Q

gastrosplenic omentum

A

extends from the upper part of geater curvature to the spleen

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25
greater omentum
from the lower part of greater curvature to the transvers colon
26
pyloric orifice is made by
pyloric canal
27
walls of the stomach
serosa: connective tissue continuous with peritoneum muscular wall: longitidunal, circular, and oblique fibers mucous membrane: thrown into folds (logitudinal), which flattens when distends
28
anterior relations of stomach
left costal cartilage left pleura diaphragm left lobe of liver anterior abdominal wall
29
posterior relations of stomach
spleen suprarenal kidney pancreas transverse mesocolon liver
30
duodenum shape
C shape the widest retiropetoneal except its beginning
31
what is hepatoduodenal ligament
ligament connecting the beginning of duodenum to the liver it is a part of lesser omentum
32
parts of duodenum
superior: pyloric orifice to the neck of gallbladder right of vertebra L1 anterior to bile duct, gastrodudonal artery, and inferior vena cava descending: contains major and minor papilla inferior: the logest, crosses the IVC aorta and vertebral column, crossed by sup mesentric artery and vein ascending: passes upward on or to the left of aorta to L2, terminates at duodenojejunal flexure which is surrounded by fold of peritoneum containing muscle fibers (ligaments of Treitz)
33
how does jejunum represent of small intestine
2/5
34
position of jejunum
left upper quadrant of abdomen
35
ileum has larger diameter and thicker wall than jejunum
false
36
jejunum has larger diameter and thicker wall than ileum
true
37
thenlast part of small intestine
ileum
38
how much does the leum represent
3/5
39
position of ileum
right lower quadrant
40
the logest and shortest part of colon
transverse anal canal
41
describe appendices epiploicae
covers the colon fat filled projections of peritoneum
42
tinea coli
3 thickned bands from the outer longitudinal muscle layer
43
sacculations
pouches formed by bulging of the walll between tinea coli
44
first part of colon
cecum
45
location of cecum
right iliac fossa
46
cecum is reteropetoneal
false
47
communication of cecum
ileum: posteromedial at the junction between ileum and ascending colon appendix: posteromedial bellow ileum junction ascending colon: continuous upward
48
what forms ileocecal valve
2 lips (sup and inf) which meet at right and left frenula
49
which type of muscles form the sphincter of ileocecal valve
circular
50
what does the vermiform appendix contain
lymphoid tissue
51
how long is the appendix
2 20 cm
52
describe McBurney's point
53
location and positions of appendix
right ilac fossa 5 positions: retricecal, pelvic, subcecal, pre ileal, post ileal.
54
extensions of ascending colon
upper cecum to inferior surface of liver
55
posterior relations of ascending colon
bones: iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament muscles: iliacus, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis nerves: iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, lateral cutaneous organs: right kidney
56
posterior relations of descending colon
bone: iliac crest, iliolumbar ligames muscles: iliacus, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis nerves: iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, lateral cutaneous , subcostal and femoral. organs: left kidney vessels: left iliac + gonadal vessels
57
right colic flexure position
between right lobe of liver and right kidney
57
right colic flexure position
between right lobe of liver and right kidney
58
left colic flexure position
anterior to tail of pancreas+ spleen + left kidney
59
transverse colon is mobile
true
60
transverse colon is suspended by
peritoneal fold (transverse mesocolon)
61
anterior covering of trans colon
greater omentum
62
posterior relations of trans colon
right ==> left 2en part of duodenum ==> head of pancreas ==> duodeno jejunal flexure ==> left kidney
63
superior relations of trans colon
right ==> left liver ==>gall bllader ==> greater curvature of stomach ==> spleen
64
inferior relations of trans colon
coils of small intestien
65
descending loop of sigmoidal colon relation
in contact with pelvic brim related to left (external iliac vessels +obturator nerve+ vas deferens (male) + ovaries (female)
66
horizontal part of digmoidal colon relation
medially between urinary bladder and rectum (male) uterus and rectum (female)
67
extention of sigmoidal colon
pelvic brim to S3
68
extension of rectum
S3 to one inch (2,5 cm) below coccyx
69
peritoneum covering the rectum
posterior has no covering anterior: sup 1/3: ant and lateral middle 1/3: ant only lower 1/3: no covering
70
how many peritoneal pouches on rectum does female and male have
female 2: douglas and utero vesical male 1: recto vesical
71
anterior relations of rectum in male
rectovesical pouch contains: sigmoid colon+ coils of small intestine base of bladder+ seminal vesicles+ prostate
72
anterior relations of rectum in female
rectovaginal pouch contains: sigmoid colon+ coils of small intestine vagina
73
posterior relation of rectum
bones: S3-5 + coccyx muscles: coccygeus+ piriformis nerves: sympathetic chain+ pelvic splanchnic+ S3-5 Co1 ventral rami arteries: median sacral+ superior rectal+ 3rd 4th lateral sacral.
74
what is the largest gland ib body
liver
75
weight of liver
1,5-1,8 Kg
76
site occupied by liver
right hypochodrium epigastic left hypogastrium
77
describe shape of liver
wedge shaped
78
the base of liver is directed toward to
right
79
tapered end of liver is directed toward
left
79
how many surface does the liver have
4 right lateral anterior superior posterior
79
tapered end of liver is directed toward
left
80
describe each surface of liver
right: separated by diphrage from right lung, pleura, and 7th-11th ribs anterior: separated by diaphragm from both lungs and pleuae superior: separated by diaphragm both lungs+ pleurae+ pericardium posterior: attached to diaphragm by CT (bare area)
81
recesses associated with the diaphragmatic portion of the liver
sub-phrenic: separate the liver from diaphragm(devided anteriorly to right and left by falciform ligament) hepato-renal: between right side of liver and right kidney.
82
describe the peritoneum of liver
folds called ligaments: falciform (anterior) coronary (ant and post) triangular(right and left) lesser omentum(lesser curvature and stomach)
83
anatomical division of liver
right and left lobes by falciform, ligamentum venosum and teres
84
functional division of liver
right and left by (imaginary line passing through groove for IVC and fossa for gall bladder)
85
describe the arterial supply of liver
hepatic artery: (20%) portal vein: 80% each devides to right and left branche to functional lobes
86
supporting factors of liver
vascular: hepatic (main)+ portal ligaments: left triangular+ teres inta abdominal pressure
87
components of biliary system
hepatic ducts (right and left) ==> common hepatic duct. gall bladder cystic duct common bile duct
88
length of common hepatic duct
3 cm
89
position of common hepatic duct in relation to hepatic artery, potal vain
right to of hepatic artery anterior to portal vein
90
length of cystic duct
3-4cm
91
from where does the cystic duct merge
neck of gall bladder
92
what forms the common bile duct
cystic duct + common hepatic bile duct
93
length and diametre of common bile duct
7.5 cm and 6 mm in diametre.
94
describe the pathway of common bile duct
free border of lesser omentum ==> behind 1st part of duodenum ==> behind the head of pancrea.
95
parts of gall bladder
fundus, body, neck
96
projections of the fundus of gall bladder
downward, forward, to the right( beyond the inferior border of thr liver)
97
fundus is anteriorly related to .......... and posteriorly to ..........
abdominal wall transverse colon
98
projection of the body of gall bladder
upward, backward, and to left
99
parts of common bile duct
supra duodenal retro duodenal infra duodenal
100
relation of the body of gall bladder
posterior to liver anterior to transvers colon
101
dimensions of gall bladder
7-10 cm long 3 cm broad capacity of 30-50 ml
102
relations of supra duodenal part of common bile duct
runs in free border of lesser omentum. anterior: liver posterior: portal vein left side: hepatic artery
103
relations of retro duodenal part of common bile duct
behind 1st part of duodenum anterior to: IVC to the left: gastroduodenal artery
104
relations of infra duodenal
runs in groove on posterior surface of head of pencreas anterior to : IVC
105
position of pencreas
transversely across the posterior abdominal wall epigastric left hypochondrial region
106
parts of penceas
Head: expanded and has uncinate process neck: constricted part the head Body: main bulk of the gland Tail: tepered end
107
anterior relations of head of pencreas
transverse colon coils of jejunum sup mesenteric vessels (in front of uncinate process)
108
posterior relations of head of pencreas
right crus of diaphragm bile duct IVC aorta (posterior to uncinate process)
109
anterior relations of neck of pencreas
pylorus gastrodudenal artery (in front of junction between head and neck)
110
posterior relations of neck of pencreas
begining of portal vein (union of splenic and sup mesenteric)

anatomy (4 decks)

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