abdomenal organs Flashcards
what is esophagus and its length
a muscular tube connects the pharynx (lower border of cricoid cartilage) and stomach
starts at the level of C6 and ends at the level of T11(cardiac orifice of the stomach )
(25 cm)
parts of the esophagus
cervical
thorasic (logest part)
abdominal (shortest part 2 cm)
pathway of the esophagus
it starts anterior to the vertebral column, in the medline
as it approches to the diaphragm, it goes anterior to the left crossing the thoracic aorta.
at which level the esophagus passes the diaphragm?
T10
anterior relations of the esophagus
trachea
tracheal bifurcation
left main bronchus
right pulmonary artery
pericardium
diaphragm
posterior relations of the esophagus
vertebral column
hemiazygos vein
right posterior intercostal arteries
what are the two specific relations of the esophagus
thoracic duct
thoracic aorta
what are the specific relation of the esophagus
thoracic duct (triple relation)
thoracic aorta (double relation)
describe the thoracic duct relation with the esophagus
3 relations: ascends from the right then posterior then left to the esophagus
describe the thoracic aorta relation with the esophagus
double relation: as it descends, begins in the left to the esophagus and then becomes posterior
what are the narrowing sites of the esophagus
its beginning
sup mediastinum: by aortic arch
posterior mediastinum: by left bronchus
at the diaghrams (esophageal hiatus)
what are the regions in which the stomach exist
left hypochodrium
umbilical
epigastric
stomach is not covered by ribs
false
which parts of the stomach are fixed and mobile
fixed at both ends
mobile in between
which shape does the stomach take
J shape
what are the parts of the stomach
fundus
body
pyloric antrum
which part of stomach that has a dome shape
fundus
describe the position of fundus
projection upward and left to the cardiac orifice
which part of somach is ful of gaz
fundus
extension of the body of stomach
extends from the cardic orifice to the incisura angularis
what is incisura angularis
constant notch in the lower part of the lesser omentum
extension of pyloric amtrum
from incisura angularis to the pylorus
what are the curvature of the stomach and describe each one of them
lesser: from the cardiac orifce to pylorus, suspended from the liver by lesser omentum
great: feom the left of the cardiac orifice, passes over the dome of the fungus and along the left border of stomach
gastrosplenic omentum
extends from the upper part of geater curvature to the spleen
greater omentum
from the lower part of greater curvature to the transvers colon
pyloric orifice is made by
pyloric canal
walls of the stomach
serosa: connective tissue continuous with peritoneum
muscular wall: longitidunal, circular, and oblique fibers
mucous membrane: thrown into folds (logitudinal), which flattens when distends
anterior relations of stomach
left costal cartilage
left pleura
diaphragm
left lobe of liver
anterior abdominal wall
posterior relations of stomach
spleen
suprarenal
kidney
pancreas
transverse mesocolon
liver
duodenum shape
C shape
the widest
retiropetoneal except its beginning
what is hepatoduodenal ligament
ligament connecting the beginning of duodenum to the liver
it is a part of lesser omentum
parts of duodenum
superior: pyloric orifice to the neck of gallbladder
right of vertebra L1
anterior to bile duct, gastrodudonal artery,
and inferior vena cava
descending: contains major and minor papilla
inferior: the logest, crosses the IVC aorta and
vertebral column, crossed by sup mesentric
artery and vein
ascending: passes upward on or to the left of aorta to
L2, terminates at duodenojejunal flexure which is
surrounded by fold of peritoneum containing muscle fibers (ligaments of Treitz)
how does jejunum represent of small intestine
2/5
position of jejunum
left upper quadrant of abdomen
ileum has larger diameter and thicker wall than jejunum
false
jejunum has larger diameter and thicker wall than ileum
true
thenlast part of small intestine
ileum
how much does the leum represent
3/5
position of ileum
right lower quadrant
the logest and shortest part of colon
transverse
anal canal
describe appendices epiploicae
covers the colon
fat filled projections of peritoneum
tinea coli
3 thickned bands from the outer longitudinal muscle layer
sacculations
pouches formed by bulging of the walll between tinea coli
first part of colon
cecum
location of cecum
right iliac fossa
cecum is reteropetoneal
false
communication of cecum
ileum: posteromedial at the junction between ileum and ascending colon
appendix: posteromedial bellow ileum junction
ascending colon: continuous upward
what forms ileocecal valve
2 lips (sup and inf) which meet at right and left frenula
which type of muscles form the sphincter of ileocecal valve
circular
what does the vermiform appendix contain
lymphoid tissue
how long is the appendix
2 20 cm
describe McBurney’s point
location and positions of appendix
right ilac fossa
5 positions: retricecal, pelvic, subcecal, pre ileal, post ileal.
extensions of ascending colon
upper cecum to inferior surface of liver
posterior relations of ascending colon
bones: iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
muscles: iliacus, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis
nerves: iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, lateral cutaneous
organs: right kidney
posterior relations of descending colon
bone: iliac crest, iliolumbar ligames
muscles: iliacus, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis
nerves: iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, lateral cutaneous , subcostal and femoral.
organs: left kidney
vessels: left iliac + gonadal vessels
right colic flexure position
between right lobe of liver and right kidney
right colic flexure position
between right lobe of liver and right kidney
left colic flexure position
anterior to tail of pancreas+ spleen + left kidney
transverse colon is mobile
true
transverse colon is suspended by
peritoneal fold (transverse mesocolon)
anterior covering of trans colon
greater omentum
posterior relations of trans colon
right ==> left
2en part of duodenum ==> head of pancreas ==> duodeno jejunal flexure ==> left kidney
superior relations of trans colon
right ==> left
liver ==>gall bllader ==> greater curvature of stomach ==> spleen
inferior relations of trans colon
coils of small intestien
descending loop of sigmoidal colon relation
in contact with pelvic brim
related to left (external iliac vessels +obturator nerve+ vas deferens (male) + ovaries (female)
horizontal part of digmoidal colon relation
medially between
urinary bladder and rectum (male)
uterus and rectum (female)
extention of sigmoidal colon
pelvic brim to S3
extension of rectum
S3 to one inch (2,5 cm) below coccyx
peritoneum covering the rectum
posterior has no covering
anterior: sup 1/3: ant and lateral
middle 1/3: ant only
lower 1/3: no covering
how many peritoneal pouches on rectum does female and male have
female 2: douglas and utero vesical
male 1: recto vesical
anterior relations of rectum in male
rectovesical pouch contains: sigmoid colon+ coils of small intestine
base of bladder+ seminal vesicles+ prostate
anterior relations of rectum in female
rectovaginal pouch contains: sigmoid colon+ coils of small intestine
vagina
posterior relation of rectum
bones: S3-5 + coccyx
muscles: coccygeus+ piriformis
nerves: sympathetic chain+ pelvic splanchnic+ S3-5 Co1 ventral rami
arteries: median sacral+ superior rectal+ 3rd 4th lateral sacral.
what is the largest gland ib body
liver
weight of liver
1,5-1,8 Kg
site occupied by liver
right hypochodrium
epigastic
left hypogastrium
describe shape of liver
wedge shaped
the base of liver is directed toward to
right
tapered end of liver is directed toward
left
how many surface does the liver have
4
right lateral
anterior
superior
posterior
tapered end of liver is directed toward
left
describe each surface of liver
right: separated by diphrage from right lung, pleura, and 7th-11th ribs
anterior: separated by diaphragm from both lungs and pleuae
superior: separated by diaphragm both lungs+ pleurae+ pericardium
posterior: attached to diaphragm by CT (bare area)
recesses associated with the diaphragmatic portion of the liver
sub-phrenic: separate the liver from diaphragm(devided anteriorly to right and left by falciform ligament)
hepato-renal: between right side of liver and right kidney.
describe the peritoneum of liver
folds called ligaments:
falciform (anterior)
coronary (ant and post)
triangular(right and left)
lesser omentum(lesser curvature and stomach)
anatomical division of liver
right and left lobes
by falciform, ligamentum venosum and teres
functional division of liver
right and left by (imaginary line passing through groove for IVC and fossa for gall bladder)
describe the arterial supply of liver
hepatic artery: (20%)
portal vein: 80%
each devides to right and left branche to functional lobes
supporting factors of liver
vascular: hepatic (main)+ portal
ligaments: left triangular+ teres
inta abdominal pressure
components of biliary system
hepatic ducts (right and left) ==> common hepatic duct.
gall bladder
cystic duct
common bile duct
length of common hepatic duct
3 cm
position of common hepatic duct in relation to hepatic artery, potal vain
right to of hepatic artery
anterior to portal vein
length of cystic duct
3-4cm
from where does the cystic duct merge
neck of gall bladder
what forms the common bile duct
cystic duct + common hepatic bile duct
length and diametre of common bile duct
7.5 cm and 6 mm in diametre.
describe the pathway of common bile duct
free border of lesser omentum ==> behind 1st part of duodenum ==> behind the head of pancrea.
parts of gall bladder
fundus, body, neck
projections of the fundus of gall bladder
downward, forward, to the right( beyond the inferior border of thr liver)
fundus is anteriorly related to ……….
and posteriorly to ……….
abdominal wall
transverse colon
projection of the body of gall bladder
upward, backward, and to left
parts of common bile duct
supra duodenal
retro duodenal
infra duodenal
relation of the body of gall bladder
posterior to liver
anterior to transvers colon
dimensions of gall bladder
7-10 cm long
3 cm broad
capacity of 30-50 ml
relations of supra duodenal part of common bile duct
runs in free border of lesser omentum.
anterior: liver
posterior: portal vein
left side: hepatic artery
relations of retro duodenal part of common bile duct
behind 1st part of duodenum
anterior to: IVC
to the left: gastroduodenal artery
relations of infra duodenal
runs in groove on posterior surface of head of pencreas
anterior to : IVC
position of pencreas
transversely across the posterior abdominal wall
epigastric
left hypochondrial region
parts of penceas
Head: expanded and has uncinate process
neck: constricted part the head
Body: main bulk of the gland
Tail: tepered end
anterior relations of head of pencreas
transverse colon
coils of jejunum
sup mesenteric vessels (in front of uncinate process)
posterior relations of head of pencreas
right crus of diaphragm
bile duct
IVC
aorta (posterior to uncinate process)
anterior relations of neck of pencreas
pylorus
gastrodudenal artery (in front of junction between head and neck)
posterior relations of neck of pencreas
begining of portal vein (union of splenic and sup mesenteric)
