abdomen

Question 1

what is the abdomen

Answer 1

region of the trunk lies between the diaphragm superiorly and the inlet of pelvis inferiorly

Question 2

what are the layer of the anterior abdomen

Answer 2

skin
superficial fascia
deep fascia
muscles
fascia transversalis
extraperitoneal fascia
parietal peritoneum

Question 3

what is the part to which the skin is not loosely attached

Answer 3

umblicus

Question 4

what does the umbilicus represent

Answer 4

a scar indicating the site of attachment of the umbilical cord to the fetus

Question 5

what are the layers of superficial fascia

Answer 5

fat layer (carper’s fascia)
membranous fascia ( scarpa’s fascia)

Question 6

what are the layers of superficial fascia

Answer 6

camper’s fascia
scarper’s fascia

Question 7

what is dartos muscle

Answer 7

represent the fatty layer of superficial fascia in the scrotum

Question 8

what are the borders of membranous layer of superficial fascia

Answer 8

sup : superficial fascia of thorax
lateral : superficial fascia of posterior abdpminal wall
infer : deep fascia of the thigh

Question 9

what does the deep fascia cover

Answer 9

muscles

Question 10

what is the fascia transversalis and what are its borders

Answer 10

a thin layer of fascia that lines the transversus abdominis muscle
sup similar layer in the diaphragm
post similar layer on iliacus

Question 11

what does the extraperitoneal layer contains

Answer 11

it is a connective tissue that contains fat

Question 12

what is the parietal peritoneum

Answer 12

a serous membrane that lines the wall of abdomen

Question 13

direction of fibers of anterolateral muscles

Answer 13

external oblique : downwards, forwards, medially
internal oblique : upwards, forward, meadially
transversus abdominal : transversally forward

Question 14

external abdominal oblique

Answer 14

origin: outer surface of lower 8th ribs
insertion: anterior half of iliac crest, pubic crest and pubic tubercule, xiphoid process, linea alba, aponeurosis.

Question 15

internal abdominal oblique

Answer 15

origin: lumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament
insertion: lower border of 3 ribs and costal cartilage, linea alba, xiphoid process, pubic symphysis

Question 16

transversus abdominal

Answer 16

origin: deep surface of the lower six costal cartilage, lumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament.
insertion: xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic symphysis

Question 17

what does the linea alba separate

Answer 17

the two rectus muscles

Question 18

linea alba arises from where to where ?

Answer 18

median fibrous band from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis.

Question 19

from what does the linea alba is formed

Answer 19

the fusion of the aponeurosis of lateral muscles.

Question 20

muscles of the midline of abdomen are

Answer 20

rectus abdominis
pyramidalis

Question 21

rectus abdominis

Answer 21

origin: front of pubic symphysis, and pubic crest
insertion: xiphoid process, 5th 6th 7th costal cartilage

Question 22

Function of oblique muscles

Answer 22

Lateral flexion and rotation of trunk

Question 23

Function of rectus muscles

Answer 23

Flexion and stabilize the trunk

Question 24

pyramidalis

Answer 24

origin: anterior surface of pubis
insertion: linea alba
(covers the inferior surface of rectus abdominis)

Question 25

function of oblique muscles

Answer 25

lateral flexion & rotation of the trunk

Question 26

function of rectus abdominis

Answer 26

flexion and stabilizes the trunkviscera
accessory respiration muscle

Question 27

posterior wall of abdomen is formed of

Answer 27

5 lumbar vertebrae
12th rib
the upper part of bony pelvis
muscles: psoas, iliacus, quadratus lumborum
aponeurosis of origin of the transverses abdominis
posterior part of diaghragm.

Question 28

what are types of posterior wall muscles

Answer 28

from lumbar vertebrae: medially, psoas major and minor
from hip bone: laterally, iliacus and quadratus lumborum