abdomen Flashcards
what is the abdomen
region of the trunk lies between the diaphragm superiorly and the inlet of pelvis inferiorly
what are the layer of the anterior abdomen
skin
superficial fascia
deep fascia
muscles
fascia transversalis
extraperitoneal fascia
parietal peritoneum
what is the part to which the skin is not loosely attached
umblicus
what does the umbilicus represent
a scar indicating the site of attachment of the umbilical cord to the fetus
what are the layers of superficial fascia
fat layer (carper’s fascia)
membranous fascia ( scarpa’s fascia)
what are the layers of superficial fascia
camper’s fascia
scarper’s fascia
what is dartos muscle
represent the fatty layer of superficial fascia in the scrotum
what are the borders of membranous layer of superficial fascia
sup : superficial fascia of thorax
lateral : superficial fascia of posterior abdpminal wall
infer : deep fascia of the thigh
what does the deep fascia cover
muscles
what is the fascia transversalis and what are its borders
a thin layer of fascia that lines the transversus abdominis muscle
sup similar layer in the diaphragm
post similar layer on iliacus
what does the extraperitoneal layer contains
it is a connective tissue that contains fat
what is the parietal peritoneum
a serous membrane that lines the wall of abdomen
direction of fibers of anterolateral muscles
external oblique : downwards, forwards, medially
internal oblique : upwards, forward, meadially
transversus abdominal : transversally forward
external abdominal oblique
origin: outer surface of lower 8th ribs
insertion: anterior half of iliac crest, pubic crest and pubic tubercule, xiphoid process, linea alba, aponeurosis.
internal abdominal oblique
origin: lumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament
insertion: lower border of 3 ribs and costal cartilage, linea alba, xiphoid process, pubic symphysis
transversus abdominal
origin: deep surface of the lower six costal cartilage, lumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament.
insertion: xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic symphysis
what does the linea alba separate
the two rectus muscles
linea alba arises from where to where ?
median fibrous band from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis.
from what does the linea alba is formed
the fusion of the aponeurosis of lateral muscles.
muscles of the midline of abdomen are
rectus abdominis
pyramidalis
rectus abdominis
origin: front of pubic symphysis, and pubic crest
insertion: xiphoid process, 5th 6th 7th costal cartilage
Function of oblique muscles
Lateral flexion and rotation of trunk
Function of rectus muscles
Flexion and stabilize the trunk
pyramidalis
origin: anterior surface of pubis
insertion: linea alba
(covers the inferior surface of rectus abdominis)
function of oblique muscles
lateral flexion & rotation of the trunk
function of rectus abdominis
flexion and stabilizes the trunkviscera
accessory respiration muscle
posterior wall of abdomen is formed of
5 lumbar vertebrae
12th rib
the upper part of bony pelvis
muscles: psoas, iliacus, quadratus lumborum
aponeurosis of origin of the transverses abdominis
posterior part of diaghragm.
what are types of posterior wall muscles
from lumbar vertebrae: medially, psoas major and minor
from hip bone: laterally, iliacus and quadratus lumborum
