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Radiology > Abdomen XR > Flashcards

Abdomen XR Flashcards

1
Q

if there is no air in the stomach, what does this mean

A
  • recently vomited

- NG tube is in stomach and tube is attached to suction

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2
Q

scout film?

A

supine AP film for abdomen

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3
Q

dep on the amount of fat in a patient, which muscle can you see on film

A

psoas

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4
Q

KUB define

A

kidney
ureter
bladder
films

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5
Q

supine abdomen film shows us?

A
  • overall bowel gas pattern
  • calcifications
  • masses
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6
Q

prone abdomen films hsow us?

A

gas in rectosigmoid

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7
Q

upright abdomen shows us?

A

free air

air-fluid levels in bowel

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8
Q

valvulae conniventens

A

small bowel mucosal folds

-traverse entire sm bowel lumen

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9
Q

haustral folds

A

do not go all the way across the colon lumen

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10
Q

indications for barium swallow

A
  • high or lowdysphagia.
  • gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD/GERD)
  • assessment of a hiatus hernia.
  • generalized epigastric pain.
  • persistent vomiting.
  • assessment of fistula or diverticulum
  • inability to pass the endoscope during UGIE.
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11
Q

small bowel diameter vs large

A

S=2.5

L=6 cm

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12
Q

areas of large bowel that can increase in size?

A

sigmoid colon

ileocecal

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13
Q

aerophagia

A

all bowel gas comes from swallowed air

  • prod numerous irregularly shaped air-containing loops of bowel
  • loops of bowel are distended and overlapping but NOT dilated
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14
Q

are the loops of bowel dilated in aerophagia

A

no

they are distended

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15
Q

s.s of sbo

A 
n/v 
coffee ground emesis 
diffuse abd pain 
abd distention 
inability to pass stool or gas
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16
Q

PE findings for SBO

A

abd distention
high pitched bowel sounds
tympanic bowel sounds to percussion

17
Q

on an AP film with SBO suspicion, where does air and fluid line up

A

air will appear above the fluid line

**fluid is radio opaque

18
Q

step ladder apperance

  • seen with what pathophysiology
  • what position does patient need to be in
A

SBO

upright abdominal film

19
Q

components of LBO

A

distal portion of colon and rectum

20
Q

MCC of LBO

A

tumor

21
Q

other causes of LBO

A

-diverticulitis
-intussusception
0hernia
-volvulus

22
Q

cecal volvulus vs sigmoid volvulous

A

sigmoid volvulus=COFFEE BEAN SHAPE and more common

Cecal–more serious and dangerous bc mesenteric arteries involved–ischemia

23
Q

RF for cecal volvulus

A
  • air travel in low cabin pressure
  • colon muscle weakness (atonia)
  • enlargement of the colon
  • Hirschsprung’s disease(where the large intestine becomes inflamed and leads to constipation and obstruction)
  • infections
  • overexertion
  • pelvic tumors
  • pregnancy (especially in the third trimester)
  • previous abdominal surgeries that caused adhesions
  • violent coughing fits
24
Q

sigmoid volvulus can lead to?

A

LBO

25
Q

RF for sigmoid volvulus

A

-Chronic constipation
-Excessive or prolonged use of laxatives
-A diet that is too rich in fiber (commonly occurring in Africa)
-Chagas disease (commonly occurring in Africa)
>50
-megacolon
- M > F

26
Q

Rigler’s sign

A

outline of intestine from outside and inside

  • usually only the inner walls of bowel are seen on XR
  • when air is in peritoneal space— can cause both sides of bowel wall to be visible—– causes Pneumoperitoneum

**get CXR if you suspect pnempperitoneum for air under the dia an on erect

27
Q

thumb printing

A

mucosal thickening of the haustra due to IBD

-edema causes them to appear like thumb prints projecting into the lumen

28
Q

Lead pipe

A

featureless colon

–loss of haustral markings secondary to UC

29
Q

toxic megacolon

-what dz

A

C. Diff

> 6cm of the bowel

30
Q

pneumoperitoneum?

A

free air under diaphgram

31
Q

which parts of the bowel (sm and lrg) have mesentery

A

Jejunum
Ileum
Transverse colon
sigmoid

Radiology (4 decks)

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