Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 1b > Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum 1 > Flashcards

Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A
  • To support and compress the abdominal contents
  • assist with flexion and rotation of the trunk
  • act as accessory muscles of respiration.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the nine regions of the abdomen (top to bottom, right to left)?

A
  • right hypochondriac
  • epigastric region
  • left hypochondriac
  • right lumbar
  • umbilical region
  • left lumbar
  • right iliac
  • hypogastric region
  • left iliac
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. Rectus abdominis
  2. Inferior epigastric artery and vein
  3. Linea alba
  4. Internal abdominal oblique muscle
    6 Linea semilunaris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. Thoracoabdominal nerve
  2. Posterior rectus sheath
  3. Transverse abdominal muscle
  4. Arcuate line
  5. Inferior epigastric artery
  6. Inguinal ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What forms the rectus sheath?

A

Aponeuroses of the lateral sheet muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What envelops the anterior rectus abdominis?

A

Rectus sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What forms the inguinal ligament?

A

External oblique aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Label 1-3

A
  1. Inguinal ligament
  2. Ilioinguinal nerve
  3. Superficial inguinal ring
  4. Round ligament of uterus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the deep inguinal ring located and what is it formed from?

A

Above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament and lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. Formed by the transversalis fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the superficial inguinal ring located and what is it made from?

A

Superior and medial to the pubic tubercle. Made by fibres of the external oblique muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

A
  • spermatic cord in men
  • round ligament of the uterus in women
  • iliolinguinal nerve
  • genital branch of the gentifemoral nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the terminal end of the inguinal canal?

A

Superficial inguinal ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fatty fascia (Camper’s fascia)
  3. Superficial membraneous fascia (Scarpa’s fascia
  4. External oblique
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the walls of the inguinal canal?

A
  • anterior = external oblique aponeurosis
  • posterior = transversalis fascia
  • roof = internal oblique
  • floor = inguinal ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an inguinal hernia?

A

Abnormal exit of abdominopelvic contents through the abdominal wall/ inguinal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

A
  • bulge is medial to inferior epigastric artery
  • doesnt go through deep inguinal ring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an indirect inguinal hernia?

A
  • bulge is lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
  • goes through deep inguinal ring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Label 5-9

A
  1. Internal oblique
  2. Transversus abdominis
  3. Transversalis fascia
  4. Parietal peritoneum
  5. Extraperitoneal fascia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the innervation of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

T6-T12
Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the blood supply of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. Ilium
  2. Ischium
  3. Sacrum
  4. Pubic symphysis
  5. Anterior superior iliac spine
  6. Iliac crest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Label 1,3,5,6

A
  1. Quadratus lumborum
  2. Iliacus
  3. Iliohypogastric nerve
  4. Ilioinguinal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. Diaphragm
  2. Psoas major
  3. Psoas minor
  4. Iliacus
  5. Inguinal ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Label 6-10

A
  1. Pubic crest
  2. Pectineal line
  3. Lesser trochanter
  4. Greater trochanter
  5. Anterior superior iliac spine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Label 11-14

A
  1. Sacrum
  2. Iliac fossa
  3. Iliac crest
  4. Quadratus lumborum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Label 2,3,6

A
  1. Quadratus lumborum
  2. Psoas minor
  3. Psoas major
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Quadratus lumborum = T12and Lumbar spinal nerves
Iliopsoas = lumbar plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the blood supply of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Aorta and IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which muscles make up the iliopsoas group? What is their action

A

Iliacus and psoas major and minor
Flexion of hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the action of the quadratus lumborum?

A
  • Fixes 12th rib during inspiration
  • Minor flexion of the hip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. Liver
  2. Stomach
  3. Transverse colon
  4. Small intestine
  5. Cecum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Ascending colon
  3. Cecum
  4. Rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Label 5-8

A
  1. Transverse colon
  2. Jejunum with serosa
  3. Sigmoid colon
  4. Ileum
34
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. Superior duodenum
  2. Major duodenal papilla
  3. Descending duodenum
  4. Inferior duodenum
  5. Ascending Duodenum
35
Q

Label 1 and 2

A
  1. Ileocaecal junction
  2. Vermiform appendix
36
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. Cardiac region
  2. Fundus
  3. Rugae
  4. Body
  5. Greater curvature
37
Q

Label 6-10

A
  1. Pyloric antrum
  2. Pyloric sphincter
  3. Lesser curvature
  4. Abdominal oesophagus
  5. Gastro-oesophageal junction
38
Q

Which gastrointestinal structures arise from the foregut?

A

Distal oesophagus
Gastro-oesophageal junction
Stomach
Pyloric sphincter
Superior and descending duodenum

39
Q

Which gastrointestinal structures arise from the midgut?

A

Major duodenal papilla
Inferior and ascending duodenum
Duodeno-jejunal flexure
Jejunum
Ileum
Ileocaecal junction
Caecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Hepatic flexure
Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

40
Q

Which gastrointestinal structures arise from the hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon
Splenic flexure of colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Superior rectum

41
Q

What marks the end of the foregut?

A

Major duodenal papilla

42
Q

Which muscles make up the anterior wall of the abdomen?

A
  • Rectus abdominis
  • pyramidalis - in some people
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
  • Transversus abdominis
43
Q

Which muscles make up the posterior wall of the abdomen?

A
  • psoas major
  • psoas minor
  • iliacus
  • quadratus lumborum
44
Q

When does the primitive gut develop in utero?

A

3-4 weeks

45
Q

Describe the innervation of the parietal and visceral peritoneum? What is the clinical significance?

A

Parietal - Somatic nervous system
Visceral - Autonomic nervous system
Clinically: Pain detected by Somatic nervous system very well localised and very severe (normally caused by peritonitis) whereas pain detected by autonomic nervous system is dull and poorly localised and referred based on embryological origin of organ. Therefore pain from intraperitoneal organs is usually dull and poorly localised eg. appendix origin is midgut so pain usually starts as umbilical.

46
Q

Where is foregut pain felt?

A

Epigastric region

47
Q

Where is midgut pain felt?

A

Umbilical region

48
Q

Where is hindgut pain felt?

A

Hypogastric region

49
Q

What are the plicae circularis and where are they

A

Folds on the internal surface of the jejunum and ileum.
More in jejunum than ileum

50
Q

What are peyers patches and where are they found?

A

Aggregations of lymph tissue
Found in jejunum and ileum

51
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A
  • serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
  • Single cell layer that secretes oily serous fluid
  • formed of mesothelium and connective tissue
52
Q

What are the two layers of the peritoneum?

A
  • parietal, lining abdominal wall
  • visceral, lining the suspended organs
53
Q

What is the function of the peritoneum?

A
  • Protects abdo viscera
  • Lubrication for free movement
  • Transmission of blood vessels and nerves to organs
54
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

Space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum layers filled with serous fluid

55
Q

How are peritoneal structures formed?

A

Folding of the peritoneum that occurs during embryogenesis of the gut tube

56
Q

What is the mesentery?

A
  • double fold of the peritoneum
  • attaches suspended intraperitoneal organs to the posterior abdominal wall
  • has nerves and vessels passing through in betwen each layer of peritoneum
  • have diff names depending on which part of GIT they are attached to
57
Q

Do retroperitoneal parts of the GIT have a mesentery? What does this mean about their mobility compared to intraperitoneal parts?

A

NO - only covered on anterior surface by peritoneum
- Less mobile than intra parts as intra parts can move around on their mesentery

58
Q

What are the names of the mesentery that cover the sigmoid colon, transverse colon and small intestine?

A
  • Sigmoid mesocolon
  • Transverse mesocolon
  • Mesentery of small intestine
59
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments and give an example?

A

Double layer of peritoneum suspending some abdominal organs to abdominal walls
Eg. Falciform ligament attaches liver to anterior abdomnial wall

60
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

A

Organs attached to the posterior abdominal wall which are covered in parietal peritoneum

61
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs?

A

Organs which are suspended within the peritoneum, covered in visceral peritoneum. They are attached to the abdominal wall by the mesentery

62
Q

Name the retroperitoneal organs

A
  • Duodenum (2nd and 3rd part)
  • Pancreas(head, neck and body)
  • Kidneys
  • Abdominal Aorta and IVC
  • Colon (ascending and descending)
  • Superior Rectum
63
Q

Name the intraperitoneal organs

A
  • Stomach
  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Tail of pancreas
  • Duodenum (1st and 4th part)
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
  • Transverse colon
  • Sigmoid colon
64
Q

What is the omentum?

A
  • apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum
  • greater and lesser part
65
Q

What structures do the greater omentum attach?

A
  • greater curvature of the stomach
  • transverse colon
66
Q

What structures do the lesser omentum attach?

A
  • liver
  • lesser curvature of the stomach
  • 1st part of duodenum
67
Q

What are the paracolic gutters?

A

Parts of the ascending and descending colon where infected peritoneal fluid can collect

68
Q

What is the duodenum?

A
  • continuation of the pylorus
  • C shaped, wraps around head of pancreas
  • major duodenal papilla in the descending part
69
Q

What are the four parts of the duodenum?

A
  • superior
  • descending
  • inferior
  • ascending
70
Q

What is the jejuno-ileum?

A
  • distal part of the small intestine
  • made up of jejunum and ileum
  • begins at duodenojejunal flexure
  • ends at ileocaecal junction
  • attached to posterior abdominal wall by mesentery
71
Q

Where is the jejunum located?

A

Upper left quadrant

72
Q

Where is the ileum located?

A

Lower right quadrant

73
Q

What are the four segments of the large intestine?

A
  • caecum
  • colon
  • rectum
  • anal canal
74
Q

What are the four parts of the colon?

A
  • ascending
  • descending
  • transverse
  • sigmoid
75
Q

What are teniae coli?

A

3 longitudinal muscular bands on outside of colon

76
Q

What are omental appendices?

A

Fatty tags on colon
add pic

77
Q

What are haustra?

A

saccules in the colon that give it its segmented appearance

78
Q

What are arterial arcades?

A

a series of anastomosing arterial arches between the arterial branches of the jejunum and ileum

79
Q

What are vasa recta?

A

straight arteries arising from arterial arcades in the mesentery of the jejunum and ileum that supply the jejunum and ileum

80
Q

Label this diagram

A
  1. Vasa recta
  2. Arterial arcades

Anatomy 1b (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions