Abdomen Overview and the Wall

Question 1

which organs are found in the right upper quadrant?

Answer 1

liver and gallbladder

Question 2

which organs are found in the left upper quadrant?

Answer 2

stomach and spleen

Question 3

which organs are found in the right lower quadrant?

Answer 3

cecum and appendix

Question 4

which organs are found in the left lower quadrant?

Answer 4

end of the descending colon and sigmoid colon

Question 5

what plays a significant role during the healing process of abdominal incisions?

Answer 5

Scarpa’s fascia (membranous layer)

Question 6

In men, Scarpa’s fascia continues over the penis and into the scrotum where it forms a specialized fascial layer containing smooth muscle fibers__________________.

Answer 6

the dartos fascia

Question 7

what does the scarpa’s fascia become in women?

Answer 7

a component of the labia majora

Question 8

what is the most important component of the inguinal ligament on each side?

Answer 8

the lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis

Question 9

the inguinal ligament runs between …….

Answer 9

the anterior superior iliac spine laterally and the pubic tubercle medially

Question 10

connects the inguinal ligament to the pectineal ligament, which runs on the pectineal line of the pubic bone

Answer 10

lacunar ligament

Question 11

peritoneum lining the walls

Answer 11

parietal peritoneum

Question 12

peritoneum covering the viscera

Answer 12

visceral peritoneum

Question 13

which nerves supply the skin, muscles, and parietal peritoneum of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Answer 13

T7-T12 and L1

Question 14

The superior part of the abdominal wall is supplied by the _________________________artery, a terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery.

Answer 14

superior epigastric

Question 15

The lateral part of the abdominal wall is supplied by branches of the …….

Answer 15

10th and 11th intercostal arteries and the subcostal artery

Question 16

The inferior part of the abdominal wall is supplied by the medially placed __________________________and the laterally placed___________________________, both branches of the external iliac artery

Answer 16

inferior epigastric
deep circumflex iliac artery

Question 17

the greater omentum contains an accumulation of…..

Answer 17

fat and the right and left gastro-omental vessels

Question 18

why is the greater omentum referred to as the policeman of the abdomen?

Answer 18

because it can migrate to any inflamed area and wrap itself around the organ to wall off inflammation

Question 19

describe the greater omentums relationship to cancer?

Answer 19

-an important site for metastatic tumor spread
-direct omental spread by a transcoelomic route is common for carcinoma of the ovary

Question 20

what is the medial ligament of the lesser omentum?

Answer 20

hepatogastric ligament, which passes between the stomach and liver

Question 21

what is the lateral ligament of the lesser omentum?

Answer 21

hepatoduodenal ligament, which passes between the duodenum and liver

Question 22

what is enclosed in the lesser omentum?

Answer 22

portal triad and the right and left gastric vessels

Question 23

what makes up the portal triad?

Answer 23

hepatic artery proper
bile duct
portal vein

Question 24

what are mesenteries?

Answer 24

-peritoneal folds that attach viscera to the posterior abdominal wall
-they allow some movement and provide a conduit for vessels, nerves, and lymphatics to reach the viscera

Question 25

associated with parts of the small intestine

Answer 25

mesentery

Question 26

associated with the transverse colon

Answer 26

transverse mesocolon

Question 27

associated with the sigmoid colon

Answer 27

sigmoid mesocolon

Question 28

where does the esophagus begin and end?

Answer 28

begins at the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage, opposite of vertebra C6 and ends at the cardiac opening of the stomach, opposite T11

Question 29

what are the 4 locations where the esophagus can be compressed or narrowed?

Answer 29

-junction of esophagus with pharynx
-superior mediastinum where its crossed by arch of aorta
-posterior mediastinum where its compressed by left main bronchus
-posterior mediastinum at esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm

Question 30

what can cause injury to the narrowed section of the esophagus?

Answer 30

catheter insertion

Question 31

what nerve innervates the esophagus and stomach?

Answer 31

vagus nerve

Question 32

where does the greater splanchnic nerve run?

Answer 32

T5-T9

Question 33

where does the lesser splanchnic nerve run?

Answer 33

T10-T11

Question 34

where does the least splanchnic nerve run?

Answer 34

T12

Question 35

what are the regions of referred pain?

Answer 35

foregut-epigastric
midgut-umbilical
hindgut-pubic

Question 36

what is the largest visceral organ in the body?

Answer 36

liver

Question 37

what region is the liver primarily located?

Answer 37

right hypochondrium and epigastric region

Question 38

where is the diaphragmatic surface of the liver?

Answer 38

anterior, superior, and posterior

Question 39

where is the visceral surface of the liver?

Answer 39

inferior

Question 40

the visceral surface of the liver is covered with __________________except in the fossa for the gallbladder and at the portal hepatis.

Answer 40

visceral peritoneum

Question 41

The liver is attached to the anterior abdominal wall by the ______________________

Answer 41

falciform ligament

Question 42

-passes from the umbilicus to the porta hepatis
-the intra-abdominal part of the umbilical vein in fetus
-attaches to the left branch of the portal vein

Answer 42

round ligament of liver