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Anatomy-Abdomen > Abdomen II > Flashcards

Abdomen II Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive Tract Organs are also known as

A

Alimentary Canal or Gut tube

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2
Q

What organs are part of Digestive Tract?

A

Stomach, small intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum), Large Intestine (Cecum and Colon), Appendix, Rectum and Anal Canal

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3
Q

What are some of the Accessory digestive Organs?

A

Liver, Gall Bladder (biliary tree), Pancreas, and (Appendix)

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4
Q

What organs does Embryological Foregut contains?

A

Esophagus to duodenum (until major duodenum papilla) through small intestine and large intestine to proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

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5
Q

What organs fall under Hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon through superior portion of the rectum

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6
Q

What branch of the Abdominal Aorta supplies the foregut?

A

Celiac Trunk

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7
Q

What branch of the Abdominal Aorta supply the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon?

A

Superior Mesentery Artery (SMA)

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8
Q

Blood supply to Hindgut

A

IMA

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9
Q

if Celiac Trunk falls off, we will most likely to get reduced blood supply in

A

Foregut (Liver, gallbladder, Spleen, Pancreas*, stomach, and part of the stomach

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10
Q

Damaged to the Inferior Mesenteric Artery will affect the supply to blood to

A

Hindgut (distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, Sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum)

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11
Q

if SMA gets cut of, what will be most likely effect of it

A

no blood supply to Midgut region (duodenum after major papilla, rest of the small intestine, Cecum, dejunum, and proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon)

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12
Q

Organ which gets it blood supply from both Celiac Trunk and SMA?

A

Pancreas

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13
Q

Blood supply of Esophagus

A

From Left-Gastric Arteries (branches off Celiac Trunk), and left inferior phrenic artery (branches off of Aorta)

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14
Q

Where is rugae found

A

Fundus and Body of the stomach which allows the stomach to stretch & accommodate. Also help with churning of the stomach so that the contents come in contact with HCl in there

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15
Q

Opening of the hole to duodenum from Pyloric Canal is called

A

Phyloric Orifice

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16
Q

Phyloric Constriction

A

Has little muscle called the phyloric Sphincter. This is a SM that surrounds the tube. When contracts, it constricts the tube. Regulates the amount of time, the content is in the stomach

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17
Q

Angle Incisure

A

Angle created at the beginning of the Phyloric Region

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18
Q

If a person gets stabbed, where it destroys his left gastric artery, most likely affect will be

A

Reduced blood supply to lesser curvature of the stomach and some part of the esophagus (Cardia)

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19
Q

Where does the Left Gastric Artery branches off of

A

Celiac Trunk which is a unpaired branch of the Abdominal Aorta

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20
Q

Common Hepatic Artery branches into

A

Right Gastric Artery and Gastroduodenal Artery

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21
Q

If right gastric artery is damaged, then there will be reduced blood supply in

A

rest of the lesser curvature of the stomach, and the Pyloric region.

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22
Q

What supplies the most of inferior portion of the greater curvature of the stomach and phyloric region?

A

Right Gastro-Omental which branches off of Gastroduodenal Artery

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23
Q

Splenic Artery gives branches to

A

Left gastro-omental and short gastric arteries

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24
Q

If a person’s Splenic Artery gets cut off, there will be reduced blood supply in

A

Spleen/Fundus, Most of the greater curvature of the stomach

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25
Q

Majority of the greater curvature of the stomach will be supplied by

A

Splenic Artery through Left-Gastro Omental Artery

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26
Q

If there is a blockage immediately below Diaphragm, where Celiac Trunk is, what part of body blood supply will it affect the most?

A

Gastric Arteries, Common Hepatic Artery, and Splenic Artery

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27
Q

Gastroduodenal gives branches to

A

Right Gastroepiloic (gastroomental) & Superior Pancreaticoduodenal

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28
Q

How does greater curvature of stomach gets its blood supply?

A

Left-gastro omental branch from the splenic, behind the stomach, and its going to travel along the greater curvature of our stomach
Right-gastro Omentals come from another branch of common hepatic called gastroduodenal

(Left comes from Top & Right comes from the bottom)

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29
Q

Lesser Curvature of the stomach will be supplied mainly by

A

Left-gastric arteries and little from right gastric arteries

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30
Q

Greater curvature of the stomach is supplied mainly by

A

Splenic Artery through Short Gastrics and Left Gastro-Omental artery; Also some from right Gastro Omental branching off of Gastroduodenal Artery

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31
Q

Duodenum is divided into how many parts

A

Superior Part- L1 (from Pyloric orifice to neck of gall bladder)
Descending Part- begins at neck of gall bladder, extends to L3
Inferior Part- L3-crosses Aorta, IVC and Vertebral Column
Ascending Part- L2 (Terminates at duodenojejunal flexure)

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32
Q

Where is Major Duodenal Papilla found and significance of

A

Major Duodenal Papilla at Descending Part (L2). It is an entrance for bile and pancreatic ducts. Also separation between Foregut and Midgut

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33
Q

What is found DIRECTLY superior to Inferior Duodenum?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein will go on top of the inferior part which is located at L3

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34
Q

Superior Mesentery Syndrome

A

If we have any issue on Superior Mesentery Artery or in Aorta region, like Aneurysm, it can crush that inferior side of the duodenum.

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35
Q

What is found immediately posterior to Superior mesenteric Artery right above Inferior Duodenum

A

Aorta

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36
Q

Blood supply to the Superior Portion of the Duodenum

A

Branches from Gastroduodenal artery or Superior Gastroduodenal Artery. Branches into Supraduodenal Artery, Ant. Sup. Pancreaticoduodenal a., Post. Sup. Pancreaticoduodenal a.

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37
Q

Where does Supraduodenal supply blood to

A

Its Small artery that branches off of Hepatic Proper and supplies the superior duodenum

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38
Q

If gastroduodenal artery has a blockage, then there be reduced flow in

A

Right gastro-epiloic (gastroomental) & Superior pancreaticoduodenal

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39
Q

What supplies the inferior Pancreaticoduodenal

A

Superior mesentery Artery (SMA) gives off Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal A which supplies Ant. and Post. Inf. Pancreaticoduodenal A or directly from SMA

40
Q

Superior Pancreaticoduodenal A.

A

very short branched from Gastroduodenal Artery and will immediately branch into ant and post sup pancreaticoduodenal artery.

41
Q

What artery travels directly posterior to the Superior portion of the Abdomen and Pyloric Orifice?

A

Gastroduodenal Artery

42
Q

If there was an issue with Jejunum, what region would physician most likely to check

A

Left Upper Quadrant

43
Q

Jejunum makes up what portion of that small intestine

A

Proximal 2/5 of the small intestine

44
Q

If there was an issue with Ileum, what region would physician most likely to check

A

Right Lower Quadrant

45
Q

Ileum makes up what portion of the Small Intestine

A

Distal 3/5 of Small Intestine

46
Q

What regulates the rate of blood flow from SI (Ileum) to Cecum?

A

Ileocecal Valve. Its a valve or sphincter that regulates rate of flow of the chyme from SI to cecum

47
Q

From the posterior view of the stomach, what arteries is found on the anterior surface of the Pancreas?

A

Gastroduodenal Artery and Posterior Pancreoduodenal Artery

48
Q

What supplies blood to Jejunum and Ileum?

A

Jejunum arteries from SMA

Ileal Branches from SMA

49
Q

Where does Ileum gets its blood supply from

A

Ileal branches through SMA and ileal branches from Ileo

50
Q

Main difference between Jejunum and Ileum

A

Vasa recta of the Jejunum are very long and the arterial arcade are small.
Vasa recta of Ileum are short and the arcades are very large

51
Q

What does Large Intestine consists of?

A

Cecum, Appendix, Colon (Ascending, Transverse, Descending, and Sigmoid), Rectum, and Anal Canal

52
Q

What is the muscle that goes around the Colon?

A

Teniea Coli- Longitudinal Muscle. When its shortened it creates the pockets called Haustra

53
Q

Why is Haustra important?

A

Important for segmental mixing to get last remnants of nutrients and water of almost fecal matter.

54
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the haustra

55
Q

Region where the LI turns are called

A

Right/Left Colic/HepaticFlexures. Right Colic Flexure is lower than splenic flexure because the liver is bigger than the spleen.

56
Q

Cecum is found in what region

A

Right groin/Inguinal Region

57
Q

If there is an issue with Ascending part of a patient, what region will the physician most likely to see

A

Right Flank/Lumbar region

58
Q

If there is an issue with Transverse part of a patient, what region will the physician most likely to see

A

All top 3 regions consist of Right Hypochondrium, Epigastric, and Left Hypochondrium

59
Q

A patient with pain in Descending portion of his colon will have what portion of the Abdominal cavity looked at

A

Left Flank/Lumbar Area

60
Q

Sigmoid is in what region

A

Left Inguinal/Groin and also Pubic/hypogastric area

61
Q

LI is part of almost all the regions except

A

Umbilical Region

62
Q

Where is Cecum found

A

Its the First part of the LI. It sits in the Right Iliac fossa

63
Q

Cecum gets its blood supply from

A

Anterior and Posterior Cecal Arteries which branches off of Illiocolic artery that comes directly from SMA

64
Q

Where does Appendix originates

A

Where Tenaie coli begins in the cecum. Contains aggregation of Lymphoid tissue

65
Q

Appendix gets its blood supply through

A

Appendicular artery which comes directly from Iliocoloic artery which branches off of SMA

66
Q

If the blood vessel coming from Anterior and Posterior cecal arteries gets damaged, what will be most likely affect

A

No blood to portion of Ascending LI and can affect Cecum supply too if coming from Ileocolic a

67
Q

Blood supply to Ascending Colon

A

Colic Branch of Ileocolic artery (from SMA), Anterior and Posterior cecal arteries (from SMA), and right colic artery (from SMA)

68
Q

Blood supply to transverse Colon

A

Right Colic (from SMA), Middle Colic (from SMA), and Left Colic (from IMA)

69
Q

Which artery supplies most of the ascending colon

A

Right Colic Artery which branches directly from SMA

70
Q

Which artery supplies the most of transverse colon?

A

SMA supplies 2/3 of LI up until Left Colic which comes from IMA

71
Q

First 2/3 of transverse colon is supplied by

A

Middle Colic

72
Q

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon is supplied by

A

Left Colic

73
Q

Descending portion of colon gets its blood supply from

A

Left Colic which branches off of IMA

74
Q

if Left Colic gets damaged, then there will be reduced blood supply of

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon, and Descending portion of colon

75
Q

Sigmoid colon gets its blood supply from

A

Sigmoidal artery which branches off of IMA

76
Q

What supplies the superior rectum

A

Superior Rectal Arteries which comes from IMA and supplies the superior rectum

77
Q

if IMA gets damaged, then there will be reduced blood supply to

A

Superior rectum, Descending colon, and distal 1/3 of transverse colon

78
Q

Why are Paracolic Gutters clinically important?

A

Right and Left Paracolic gutters are outside of Ascending and descending colon so when entering the peritoneum, we can come from the side and create less bleeding

79
Q

How is Rectum, and Anal different from Sigmoid in terms of Anatomical structure

A

Rectum and Anal are both retroperitoneal, and are not suspended by mesentery. The sigmoid was intraperitoneal and suspended by mesentery.

80
Q

Blood supply of Rectum and Anal region

A

Superior Rectal artery which branches off of IMA, Middle rectal artery which branches off of Internal Illiac, and Inferior rectal artery which branches off of Internal Illiac

81
Q

Damaged to the SMA artery will cause little/no blood supply in

A

Pancreas and Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Proximal part of transverse colon and Ascending colon, and cecum, ileum and Appendix

82
Q

If Celiac Trunk is damaged, then blood supply to what parts will be reduced

A

Lesser and Greater Curvature of the Stomach and distal esophagus, Spleen/Fundus, Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas

83
Q

Rectosigmoid junction is around where

A

S3

84
Q

drainage of Abdominal GI is via what lymph node

A

Pre-Aortic Nodes. Pre-Aortic means seating right on the Anterior/Ventral aspect of Aorta.

85
Q

Our digestive system is innervated by

A

Enteric Nervous System

86
Q

Two plexus found in the ENS

A

Myenteric and Submucosal Plexus

87
Q

Role of Myenteric Plexus

A

Regulates the contraction of the muscle and movement of thing through digestive tract

88
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of GI region

A

Thoracic Splanchnics of Greater, lesser, and Least Splanchnic innervation of Foregut and Midgut region

89
Q

what innervates Hindgut region?

A

Lumbar Splanchnics (Sympathetic) and Pelvic Splanchnics (Parasympathetic)

90
Q

Cutting of Nerve at CN 10 will affect what region of the GI?

A

Parasympathetic Innervation of Foregut and Midgut region

91
Q

Greater, lesser and least thoracic Nerves are found to synapse around where

A

Around the Celiac trunk and SMA

92
Q

Lumbar Splanchnics synapse around

A

near IMA

93
Q

Greater Thoracic Splanchnics arises from and synapse at

A

Arises from T5-9/10 and synapse at Celiac Ganglion (Prevertebral)

94
Q

Lesser Thoracic Splanchnics arises from and synapse at

A

Arises from T9-T10 and synapse at Aorticorenal ganglion

95
Q

Lease Thoracic Splanchnics arises from and synapse at

A

arises from T12 and Synapse at Renal Plexus

96
Q

Lumbar Splanchnics arises from and synapse at

A

Arises from Lumbar part of sympathetics trunk and synapse at Prevertebral plexus

97
Q

Sacral Splanchnics arises from and synapse at

A

Arises from Sacral part of sympathetics trunk and synapse at Inferior hypogastric plexus

Anatomy-Abdomen (2 decks)

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