Abdomen II Flashcards
Digestive Tract Organs are also known as
Alimentary Canal or Gut tube
What organs are part of Digestive Tract?
Stomach, small intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum), Large Intestine (Cecum and Colon), Appendix, Rectum and Anal Canal
What are some of the Accessory digestive Organs?
Liver, Gall Bladder (biliary tree), Pancreas, and (Appendix)
What organs does Embryological Foregut contains?
Esophagus to duodenum (until major duodenum papilla) through small intestine and large intestine to proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
What organs fall under Hindgut?
Distal 1/3 of transverse colon through superior portion of the rectum
What branch of the Abdominal Aorta supplies the foregut?
Celiac Trunk
What branch of the Abdominal Aorta supply the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon?
Superior Mesentery Artery (SMA)
Blood supply to Hindgut
IMA
if Celiac Trunk falls off, we will most likely to get reduced blood supply in
Foregut (Liver, gallbladder, Spleen, Pancreas*, stomach, and part of the stomach
Damaged to the Inferior Mesenteric Artery will affect the supply to blood to
Hindgut (distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, Sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum)
if SMA gets cut of, what will be most likely effect of it
no blood supply to Midgut region (duodenum after major papilla, rest of the small intestine, Cecum, dejunum, and proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon)
Organ which gets it blood supply from both Celiac Trunk and SMA?
Pancreas
Blood supply of Esophagus
From Left-Gastric Arteries (branches off Celiac Trunk), and left inferior phrenic artery (branches off of Aorta)
Where is rugae found
Fundus and Body of the stomach which allows the stomach to stretch & accommodate. Also help with churning of the stomach so that the contents come in contact with HCl in there
Opening of the hole to duodenum from Pyloric Canal is called
Phyloric Orifice
Phyloric Constriction
Has little muscle called the phyloric Sphincter. This is a SM that surrounds the tube. When contracts, it constricts the tube. Regulates the amount of time, the content is in the stomach
Angle Incisure
Angle created at the beginning of the Phyloric Region
If a person gets stabbed, where it destroys his left gastric artery, most likely affect will be
Reduced blood supply to lesser curvature of the stomach and some part of the esophagus (Cardia)
Where does the Left Gastric Artery branches off of
Celiac Trunk which is a unpaired branch of the Abdominal Aorta
Common Hepatic Artery branches into
Right Gastric Artery and Gastroduodenal Artery
If right gastric artery is damaged, then there will be reduced blood supply in
rest of the lesser curvature of the stomach, and the Pyloric region.
What supplies the most of inferior portion of the greater curvature of the stomach and phyloric region?
Right Gastro-Omental which branches off of Gastroduodenal Artery
Splenic Artery gives branches to
Left gastro-omental and short gastric arteries
If a person’s Splenic Artery gets cut off, there will be reduced blood supply in
Spleen/Fundus, Most of the greater curvature of the stomach
Majority of the greater curvature of the stomach will be supplied by
Splenic Artery through Left-Gastro Omental Artery
If there is a blockage immediately below Diaphragm, where Celiac Trunk is, what part of body blood supply will it affect the most?
Gastric Arteries, Common Hepatic Artery, and Splenic Artery
Gastroduodenal gives branches to
Right Gastroepiloic (gastroomental) & Superior Pancreaticoduodenal
How does greater curvature of stomach gets its blood supply?
Left-gastro omental branch from the splenic, behind the stomach, and its going to travel along the greater curvature of our stomach
Right-gastro Omentals come from another branch of common hepatic called gastroduodenal
(Left comes from Top & Right comes from the bottom)
Lesser Curvature of the stomach will be supplied mainly by
Left-gastric arteries and little from right gastric arteries
Greater curvature of the stomach is supplied mainly by
Splenic Artery through Short Gastrics and Left Gastro-Omental artery; Also some from right Gastro Omental branching off of Gastroduodenal Artery
Duodenum is divided into how many parts
Superior Part- L1 (from Pyloric orifice to neck of gall bladder)
Descending Part- begins at neck of gall bladder, extends to L3
Inferior Part- L3-crosses Aorta, IVC and Vertebral Column
Ascending Part- L2 (Terminates at duodenojejunal flexure)
Where is Major Duodenal Papilla found and significance of
Major Duodenal Papilla at Descending Part (L2). It is an entrance for bile and pancreatic ducts. Also separation between Foregut and Midgut
What is found DIRECTLY superior to Inferior Duodenum?
Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein will go on top of the inferior part which is located at L3
Superior Mesentery Syndrome
If we have any issue on Superior Mesentery Artery or in Aorta region, like Aneurysm, it can crush that inferior side of the duodenum.
What is found immediately posterior to Superior mesenteric Artery right above Inferior Duodenum
Aorta
Blood supply to the Superior Portion of the Duodenum
Branches from Gastroduodenal artery or Superior Gastroduodenal Artery. Branches into Supraduodenal Artery, Ant. Sup. Pancreaticoduodenal a., Post. Sup. Pancreaticoduodenal a.
Where does Supraduodenal supply blood to
Its Small artery that branches off of Hepatic Proper and supplies the superior duodenum
If gastroduodenal artery has a blockage, then there be reduced flow in
Right gastro-epiloic (gastroomental) & Superior pancreaticoduodenal
What supplies the inferior Pancreaticoduodenal
Superior mesentery Artery (SMA) gives off Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal A which supplies Ant. and Post. Inf. Pancreaticoduodenal A or directly from SMA
Superior Pancreaticoduodenal A.
very short branched from Gastroduodenal Artery and will immediately branch into ant and post sup pancreaticoduodenal artery.
What artery travels directly posterior to the Superior portion of the Abdomen and Pyloric Orifice?
Gastroduodenal Artery
If there was an issue with Jejunum, what region would physician most likely to check
Left Upper Quadrant
Jejunum makes up what portion of that small intestine
Proximal 2/5 of the small intestine
If there was an issue with Ileum, what region would physician most likely to check
Right Lower Quadrant
Ileum makes up what portion of the Small Intestine
Distal 3/5 of Small Intestine
What regulates the rate of blood flow from SI (Ileum) to Cecum?
Ileocecal Valve. Its a valve or sphincter that regulates rate of flow of the chyme from SI to cecum
From the posterior view of the stomach, what arteries is found on the anterior surface of the Pancreas?
Gastroduodenal Artery and Posterior Pancreoduodenal Artery
What supplies blood to Jejunum and Ileum?
Jejunum arteries from SMA
Ileal Branches from SMA
Where does Ileum gets its blood supply from
Ileal branches through SMA and ileal branches from Ileo
Main difference between Jejunum and Ileum
Vasa recta of the Jejunum are very long and the arterial arcade are small.
Vasa recta of Ileum are short and the arcades are very large
What does Large Intestine consists of?
Cecum, Appendix, Colon (Ascending, Transverse, Descending, and Sigmoid), Rectum, and Anal Canal
What is the muscle that goes around the Colon?
Teniea Coli- Longitudinal Muscle. When its shortened it creates the pockets called Haustra
Why is Haustra important?
Important for segmental mixing to get last remnants of nutrients and water of almost fecal matter.
Colitis
Inflammation of the haustra
Region where the LI turns are called
Right/Left Colic/HepaticFlexures. Right Colic Flexure is lower than splenic flexure because the liver is bigger than the spleen.
Cecum is found in what region
Right groin/Inguinal Region
If there is an issue with Ascending part of a patient, what region will the physician most likely to see
Right Flank/Lumbar region
If there is an issue with Transverse part of a patient, what region will the physician most likely to see
All top 3 regions consist of Right Hypochondrium, Epigastric, and Left Hypochondrium
A patient with pain in Descending portion of his colon will have what portion of the Abdominal cavity looked at
Left Flank/Lumbar Area
Sigmoid is in what region
Left Inguinal/Groin and also Pubic/hypogastric area
LI is part of almost all the regions except
Umbilical Region
Where is Cecum found
Its the First part of the LI. It sits in the Right Iliac fossa
Cecum gets its blood supply from
Anterior and Posterior Cecal Arteries which branches off of Illiocolic artery that comes directly from SMA
Where does Appendix originates
Where Tenaie coli begins in the cecum. Contains aggregation of Lymphoid tissue
Appendix gets its blood supply through
Appendicular artery which comes directly from Iliocoloic artery which branches off of SMA
If the blood vessel coming from Anterior and Posterior cecal arteries gets damaged, what will be most likely affect
No blood to portion of Ascending LI and can affect Cecum supply too if coming from Ileocolic a
Blood supply to Ascending Colon
Colic Branch of Ileocolic artery (from SMA), Anterior and Posterior cecal arteries (from SMA), and right colic artery (from SMA)
Blood supply to transverse Colon
Right Colic (from SMA), Middle Colic (from SMA), and Left Colic (from IMA)
Which artery supplies most of the ascending colon
Right Colic Artery which branches directly from SMA
Which artery supplies the most of transverse colon?
SMA supplies 2/3 of LI up until Left Colic which comes from IMA
First 2/3 of transverse colon is supplied by
Middle Colic
Distal 1/3 of transverse colon is supplied by
Left Colic
Descending portion of colon gets its blood supply from
Left Colic which branches off of IMA
if Left Colic gets damaged, then there will be reduced blood supply of
distal 1/3 of transverse colon, and Descending portion of colon
Sigmoid colon gets its blood supply from
Sigmoidal artery which branches off of IMA
What supplies the superior rectum
Superior Rectal Arteries which comes from IMA and supplies the superior rectum
if IMA gets damaged, then there will be reduced blood supply to
Superior rectum, Descending colon, and distal 1/3 of transverse colon
Why are Paracolic Gutters clinically important?
Right and Left Paracolic gutters are outside of Ascending and descending colon so when entering the peritoneum, we can come from the side and create less bleeding
How is Rectum, and Anal different from Sigmoid in terms of Anatomical structure
Rectum and Anal are both retroperitoneal, and are not suspended by mesentery. The sigmoid was intraperitoneal and suspended by mesentery.
Blood supply of Rectum and Anal region
Superior Rectal artery which branches off of IMA, Middle rectal artery which branches off of Internal Illiac, and Inferior rectal artery which branches off of Internal Illiac
Damaged to the SMA artery will cause little/no blood supply in
Pancreas and Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Proximal part of transverse colon and Ascending colon, and cecum, ileum and Appendix
If Celiac Trunk is damaged, then blood supply to what parts will be reduced
Lesser and Greater Curvature of the Stomach and distal esophagus, Spleen/Fundus, Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas
Rectosigmoid junction is around where
S3
drainage of Abdominal GI is via what lymph node
Pre-Aortic Nodes. Pre-Aortic means seating right on the Anterior/Ventral aspect of Aorta.
Our digestive system is innervated by
Enteric Nervous System
Two plexus found in the ENS
Myenteric and Submucosal Plexus
Role of Myenteric Plexus
Regulates the contraction of the muscle and movement of thing through digestive tract
Sympathetic Innervation of GI region
Thoracic Splanchnics of Greater, lesser, and Least Splanchnic innervation of Foregut and Midgut region
what innervates Hindgut region?
Lumbar Splanchnics (Sympathetic) and Pelvic Splanchnics (Parasympathetic)
Cutting of Nerve at CN 10 will affect what region of the GI?
Parasympathetic Innervation of Foregut and Midgut region
Greater, lesser and least thoracic Nerves are found to synapse around where
Around the Celiac trunk and SMA
Lumbar Splanchnics synapse around
near IMA
Greater Thoracic Splanchnics arises from and synapse at
Arises from T5-9/10 and synapse at Celiac Ganglion (Prevertebral)
Lesser Thoracic Splanchnics arises from and synapse at
Arises from T9-T10 and synapse at Aorticorenal ganglion
Lease Thoracic Splanchnics arises from and synapse at
arises from T12 and Synapse at Renal Plexus
Lumbar Splanchnics arises from and synapse at
Arises from Lumbar part of sympathetics trunk and synapse at Prevertebral plexus
Sacral Splanchnics arises from and synapse at
Arises from Sacral part of sympathetics trunk and synapse at Inferior hypogastric plexus
