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Anatomy-Abdomen > Abdomen I > Flashcards

Abdomen I Flashcards

1
Q

If a person gets stabbed on the posterior wall of the Abdominal Cavity, what parts of his body will most likely be affected?

A

Vertebral Column & Abdominal wall

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2
Q

Many of the abdominal organs are protected by what?

A

Thoracic wall and Diaphragm

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3
Q

What does Peritoneum covers?

A

Covers Abdominal organs which are suspended in peritoneal cavity by mesenteries.

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4
Q

if a person is affected superior to rib 10 & L3, what part of the abdominal cavity is the person affected?

A

Above Subcostal Plane- Right and Left Hypochondrium, and Epigastric region.

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5
Q

what part/s of abdominal cavity is found inferior to intertubercular plane?

A

Right groin/inguinal, Pubic region, and Left groin/inguinal

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6
Q

what part/s of abdominal cavity is/are found inferior to subcostal plane?

A

Right Flank/Lumbar, Umbilical Region, and Left Flank/Lumbar

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7
Q

What does Midclavicular plane cover?

A

Midpoint of Clavicles to point between Pubic Symphysis and Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

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8
Q

Midclavicular Planes consists of

A

Epigastric region, umbilical region, and Pubic Region

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9
Q

Bony Components of Abdominal Wall are made up of

A

Lumbar vertebrae, Upper wings of Pelvic Bones, Costal margin, and Ribs 11 and 12

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10
Q

What muscles makes up the posterior part of the Abdominal Wall?

A

Quadratus Lumborum & Iliopsoas (deep Hip plexus)

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11
Q

When a person get stabbed laterally to the abdominal wall, what part of his abdominal muscles are affected?

A

External Oblique, Internal Oblique, & Transversus Abdominus

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12
Q

John has been working out for past 2 hours. While he has done plenty of upper body and abs workouts, he focused primarily on working on his planks and sit ups. What part of muscle was John trying to work on?

A

Rectus Abdominus (aka 6-pack muscle)

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13
Q

Most Superficial Fascia which is protective of all abdomen made up of fatty layer

A

Campers Fascia

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14
Q

Deep Layer of Superficial Fascia is

A

Scarpas Fascia

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15
Q

What does Scarpas fascia turns into as it crosses the thigh region?

A

Fascia Lata

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16
Q

As Scarpas fascia continues into Anterior Peritoneum, it is called

A

Colles Fascia (Inf. of the Pelvis)

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17
Q

Dartos Muscle is found between

A

between Scarpas + Campers Fascia of Scrotum in males

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18
Q

Actions of External Oblique

A

Twist and Compress Abdomen

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19
Q

What gets attaches to Linea Alba?

A

thick, flat tendinous insertion called Aponeurosis

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20
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

Lower border of External Oblique aponeurosis. Travels from Anterior superior Iliac Spine to pubic tubercle.

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21
Q

Fibers Direction of External Oblique vs. Internal oblique

A

Inferomedially vs. Supromedially

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22
Q

Linea Alba is made up of

A

a line of tendon that runs from Xiphoid Process—Pubic Bone

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23
Q

What layers of muscle are found directly beneath the External Oblique?

A

Internal Oblique and Rectus Abdominus.

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24
Q

Actions of Internal Oblique

A

Compress Abdomen and Twists

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25
Q

Why does Rectus Abdominus have 4-5 Tendinous Insertions?

A

To avoid over contraction/Flexion. Also create the 6-Pack

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26
Q

Actions of Rectus Abdominus

A

Compress Abdomen and Flex Trunk

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27
Q

A patient comes to the doctor complaining, he can’t compress Abdomen at all. Doctor asked follow up question how he feels during abdomen flexion and twists, and patient bluntly responded he feels no pain anywhere else but ONLY unable to
compress Abdomen. What muscle of the patient is affected the most to cause unable to compress only?

A

Transversus Abdominus

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28
Q

Deepest muscle muscle found in the Abdominal cavity

A

Transversus Abdominus

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29
Q

A person Ventral Rami in L1 is damaged. What would he unable to do as a result of that?

A

Compress and Twist Abdomen

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30
Q

If nerve supply of Ventral Rami gets damaged from T7-T12, what would a person be unable to do?

A

Compress Abdomen, Twist Abdomen, Flex vertebral column, and tense abdominal wall

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31
Q

What innervates Internal Oblique

A

Ventral Rami of T7-T12, L1 (Illiohypogastric and Ilioinguinal)

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32
Q

Origin of External Oblique

A

Outer Surface or Lower 8 ribs

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33
Q

Origin of Internal Oblique

A

Iliac Crest, Inguinal Ligament, Thoracolumbar Fascia

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34
Q

Insertion for External Oblique

A

Iliac crest, linea alba

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35
Q

Insertion for Internal Oblique

A

Inferior Border of lower 3-4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line

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36
Q

Insertion for Transversus Oblique

A

Linea Alba, Pubic crest, pectineal line

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37
Q

Origin for Transversus Abdominus

A

Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, costal cartilage of lower 6 ribs

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38
Q

Origin of Rectus Abdominus

A

Pubic crest, tubercle and symphysis

39
Q

Insertion of Rectus Abdominus

A

Costal Cartilage of ribs 5-7; Xiphoid Process

40
Q

What fascia layer is found deep to Transversus Abdominus?

A

Transversalis Fascia

41
Q

If person gets stabbed directly below the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine, what immediate layer will it get affected?

A

Rectus abdominus and deep to it Transversalis fascia

42
Q

Anterior Rectus Sheath Above Arcuate Line is composed of

A

Aponeuroses of External and Internal Obliques

43
Q

Posterior Rectus Sheath above Arcuate Line is composed of

A

Aponeuroses of Internal oblique and transversus abdominus

44
Q

Anterior Rectus sheath below the Arcuate Line is composed of

A

External and Internal obliques and transversus abdominus

45
Q

Posterior Rectus Sheath below the Arcuate Line is composed of

A

no longer exists, rectus abdominus is in direct contact with transversalis fascia

46
Q

What layer separates Transversalis Fascia from Peritoneum of Abdomen?

A

Extraperitoneal fascia

47
Q

if during injury, layer deep to Transversalis fascia is damaged, what is the most significant affect as a result of that?

A

Damage to Vasculature that exists in Extraperitoneal Fascia

48
Q

What fascia is abundant on the posterior wall of the Abdomen?

A

Extraperitoneal Fascia

49
Q

Organs within Extraperitoneal fascia layers are

A

Retroperitoneal

50
Q

If during surgical procedure, we have to get to Abdominal Cavity of a patient, then what layers would we need to go through?

A

Skin- Campers- Scarpas- External Oblique- Internal Oblique/Rectus Abdominus-Transversus Abdominus-Transversalis Fascia-Extraperitoneal Fascia-Parietal Peritoneum

51
Q

Skin, muscles, and parietal peritoneum are innervated by

A

Ventral Rami of Spinal Nerves T7-L1, and Lateral Cutaneous (from Intercostal nerves)

52
Q

If a person musculophrenic artery gets cut off, what is the most probable effect

A

Loss blood supply to Superior portion of Superficial layer.

53
Q

Where does Blood supply of Superior part of Superficial layer comes from?

A

Musculophrenic Artery- comes from ITA

54
Q

A patient experienced a loss of blood supply to the inferior part of the her superficial region of the Abdomen? What can be probable cause of that?

A

it could be Damage to Femoral Artery or Superficial epigastric A. (medial) and superficial circumflex a. (lateral) which branches from Femoral Artery

55
Q

Blood Supply to the Superior part of Deep layer?

A

Superior Epigastric Artery (terminal branch of ITA)

56
Q

Blood Supply to lateral part of Deep layer?

A

10th and 11th Intercostal Artery and Subcostal Artery

57
Q

Blood supply to inferior part of Deep Layer?

A

Inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex artery which branches off external iliac artery

58
Q

If Femoral Artery is damaged, there will be deficient in blood supply of

A

Inferior Superficial Layer which is supplied by superficial epigastric artery and superficial circumflex artery coming branching from femoral Artery

59
Q

If person Terminal branch of Internal Thoracic Artery gets damaged, his blood supply will be diminished in

A

Superior part of Deep layer which is supplied by Superior epigastric Artery that branches off Terminal ITA

60
Q

If person Internal Thoracic Artery is damaged, there wont be any blood supply in

A

Superior Superficial layer (supplied by musculophrenic artery) and Superior Deep Layer (supplied by Superior Epigastric Artery)

61
Q

If 10th and 11th Intercostal artery is damaged, there will be a complication of blood supply in

A

Lateral Portion of Deep layer which is supplied by both 10th and 11th Intercostal Artery and subcostal artery

62
Q

If external iliac artery is damaged, then there will be diminished blood supply in

A

Inferior portion of Deep layer which is supplied by inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex artery

63
Q

Where does the lymph drain to Superficially above umbilicus region?

A

Axillary Node

64
Q

Where does the lymph drain to superficially below umbilicus?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

65
Q

Where does the lymph drain to in Deep layer?

A

Parasternal node

66
Q

Groin

A

Region between Anterior Abdominal Wall and Thigh

67
Q

Inguinal canal

A

Passageway through Abdominal wall in the inguinal region

68
Q

Direction of Inguinal Canal Internal-external

A

Deep (invagination of Transversalis Fascia) inguinal ring- Superficial (external oblique fascia) inguinal ring

69
Q

As testes develop into scrotum, what do they bring with them?

A

Portion of Anterior Abdominal wall that will form structures inside the scrotum

70
Q

The external spermatic fascia is derived from what fascia during the descent of the testes?

A

External Oblique

71
Q

The Cremasteric fascia is derived from what fascia during the descent of the testes?

A

Internal Oblique Muscle

72
Q

The transversalis fascia changes to what during the descent of the testes?

A

Internal Spermatic fascia

73
Q

what is the important role of Cremasteric Fascia?

A

Responsible for raising or lowering the testes temp based on the temperature outside because sperm always needs to be 3 degrees cooler than the body to develop.

74
Q

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

A

Through deep inguinal ring, lateral to epigastrics (most common)

75
Q

Direct Inguinal Hernia

A

Through posterior wall of inguinal canal (through Inguinal triangle), medial to epigastrics

76
Q

What type of Hernia push directly through Inguinal Triangle?

A

Direct Inguinal

77
Q

What is Inguinal Triangle composed of

A

Inferior Border: Inguinal Ligament
Lateral Border: Inferior epigastric vessel
medial border: lateral edge of Rectus Abdominus

78
Q

Deepest layer of Abdominal wall

A

Parietal Peritoneum

79
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

covers organs suspended in the peritoneal cavity

80
Q

Difference between Intraperitoneal and Retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal- organs suspended in the abdominal cavity by mesentery
Retroperitoneal- organs that are positioned between the parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall, in extraperitoneal fascia

81
Q

Mesentery

A

Holds organs to the posterior abdominal wall. Vessels and Nerves travel through the mesentery to visceral organs.

82
Q

Mobility of Intraperitoneal vs Retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal- free to move within the mesentery

Retroperitoneal- more confined to their position.

83
Q

Name all that are part of Retroperitoneal Structures

A

Urinary System (kidney, ureter, bladder) and adrenal glands, Aorta and IVC, part of the esophagus and rectum, most of the pancreas (except for the tail), Most of the duodenum (except first segment and distal-most portion), Ascending and Descending colon

84
Q

Where does Greater Omentum hangs from?

A

Greater Curvature of the Stomach and Duodenum/transverse colon

85
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Layers of peritoneum from lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver. Also separated the omental bursa (lesser sac) from the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity.

86
Q

Omental/Epiloic Foramen

A

opening to the lesser sac/Omental bursa which is dorsal to the lesser omentum that looks like a pocket. Connects the lesser sac to the greater sac of abdominal cavity.

87
Q

Transverse mesocolon

A

Fold of Peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the posterior body wall.

88
Q

Sigmoid mesocolon

A

Peritoneal fold that attaches the sigmoid colon to the abdominal wall.

89
Q

What organs are part of RUQ

A

Liver, Gall bladder

90
Q

What organs are part of LUQ

A

Spleen (posterior), stomach

91
Q

What organs are part of RLQ?

A

Appendix, ascending colon

92
Q

What organs are part of LLQ?

A

descending colon, and sigmoid colon

93
Q

What part of the stomach do we find Pancreas in?

A

Right and Left of the Upper Quadrant

94
Q

What part of the stomach do we find small bowel in?

A

All 4 quadrants

Anatomy-Abdomen (2 decks)

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