Abdomen I Flashcards
If a person gets stabbed on the posterior wall of the Abdominal Cavity, what parts of his body will most likely be affected?
Vertebral Column & Abdominal wall
Many of the abdominal organs are protected by what?
Thoracic wall and Diaphragm
What does Peritoneum covers?
Covers Abdominal organs which are suspended in peritoneal cavity by mesenteries.
if a person is affected superior to rib 10 & L3, what part of the abdominal cavity is the person affected?
Above Subcostal Plane- Right and Left Hypochondrium, and Epigastric region.
what part/s of abdominal cavity is found inferior to intertubercular plane?
Right groin/inguinal, Pubic region, and Left groin/inguinal
what part/s of abdominal cavity is/are found inferior to subcostal plane?
Right Flank/Lumbar, Umbilical Region, and Left Flank/Lumbar
What does Midclavicular plane cover?
Midpoint of Clavicles to point between Pubic Symphysis and Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Midclavicular Planes consists of
Epigastric region, umbilical region, and Pubic Region
Bony Components of Abdominal Wall are made up of
Lumbar vertebrae, Upper wings of Pelvic Bones, Costal margin, and Ribs 11 and 12
What muscles makes up the posterior part of the Abdominal Wall?
Quadratus Lumborum & Iliopsoas (deep Hip plexus)
When a person get stabbed laterally to the abdominal wall, what part of his abdominal muscles are affected?
External Oblique, Internal Oblique, & Transversus Abdominus
John has been working out for past 2 hours. While he has done plenty of upper body and abs workouts, he focused primarily on working on his planks and sit ups. What part of muscle was John trying to work on?
Rectus Abdominus (aka 6-pack muscle)
Most Superficial Fascia which is protective of all abdomen made up of fatty layer
Campers Fascia
Deep Layer of Superficial Fascia is
Scarpas Fascia
What does Scarpas fascia turns into as it crosses the thigh region?
Fascia Lata
As Scarpas fascia continues into Anterior Peritoneum, it is called
Colles Fascia (Inf. of the Pelvis)
Dartos Muscle is found between
between Scarpas + Campers Fascia of Scrotum in males
Actions of External Oblique
Twist and Compress Abdomen
What gets attaches to Linea Alba?
thick, flat tendinous insertion called Aponeurosis
Inguinal Ligament
Lower border of External Oblique aponeurosis. Travels from Anterior superior Iliac Spine to pubic tubercle.
Fibers Direction of External Oblique vs. Internal oblique
Inferomedially vs. Supromedially
Linea Alba is made up of
a line of tendon that runs from Xiphoid Process—Pubic Bone
What layers of muscle are found directly beneath the External Oblique?
Internal Oblique and Rectus Abdominus.
Actions of Internal Oblique
Compress Abdomen and Twists
Why does Rectus Abdominus have 4-5 Tendinous Insertions?
To avoid over contraction/Flexion. Also create the 6-Pack
Actions of Rectus Abdominus
Compress Abdomen and Flex Trunk
A patient comes to the doctor complaining, he can’t compress Abdomen at all. Doctor asked follow up question how he feels during abdomen flexion and twists, and patient bluntly responded he feels no pain anywhere else but ONLY unable to
compress Abdomen. What muscle of the patient is affected the most to cause unable to compress only?
Transversus Abdominus
Deepest muscle muscle found in the Abdominal cavity
Transversus Abdominus
A person Ventral Rami in L1 is damaged. What would he unable to do as a result of that?
Compress and Twist Abdomen
If nerve supply of Ventral Rami gets damaged from T7-T12, what would a person be unable to do?
Compress Abdomen, Twist Abdomen, Flex vertebral column, and tense abdominal wall
What innervates Internal Oblique
Ventral Rami of T7-T12, L1 (Illiohypogastric and Ilioinguinal)
Origin of External Oblique
Outer Surface or Lower 8 ribs
Origin of Internal Oblique
Iliac Crest, Inguinal Ligament, Thoracolumbar Fascia
Insertion for External Oblique
Iliac crest, linea alba
Insertion for Internal Oblique
Inferior Border of lower 3-4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line
Insertion for Transversus Oblique
Linea Alba, Pubic crest, pectineal line
Origin for Transversus Abdominus
Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, costal cartilage of lower 6 ribs
Origin of Rectus Abdominus
Pubic crest, tubercle and symphysis
Insertion of Rectus Abdominus
Costal Cartilage of ribs 5-7; Xiphoid Process
What fascia layer is found deep to Transversus Abdominus?
Transversalis Fascia
If person gets stabbed directly below the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine, what immediate layer will it get affected?
Rectus abdominus and deep to it Transversalis fascia
Anterior Rectus Sheath Above Arcuate Line is composed of
Aponeuroses of External and Internal Obliques
Posterior Rectus Sheath above Arcuate Line is composed of
Aponeuroses of Internal oblique and transversus abdominus
Anterior Rectus sheath below the Arcuate Line is composed of
External and Internal obliques and transversus abdominus
Posterior Rectus Sheath below the Arcuate Line is composed of
no longer exists, rectus abdominus is in direct contact with transversalis fascia
What layer separates Transversalis Fascia from Peritoneum of Abdomen?
Extraperitoneal fascia
if during injury, layer deep to Transversalis fascia is damaged, what is the most significant affect as a result of that?
Damage to Vasculature that exists in Extraperitoneal Fascia
What fascia is abundant on the posterior wall of the Abdomen?
Extraperitoneal Fascia
Organs within Extraperitoneal fascia layers are
Retroperitoneal
If during surgical procedure, we have to get to Abdominal Cavity of a patient, then what layers would we need to go through?
Skin- Campers- Scarpas- External Oblique- Internal Oblique/Rectus Abdominus-Transversus Abdominus-Transversalis Fascia-Extraperitoneal Fascia-Parietal Peritoneum
Skin, muscles, and parietal peritoneum are innervated by
Ventral Rami of Spinal Nerves T7-L1, and Lateral Cutaneous (from Intercostal nerves)
If a person musculophrenic artery gets cut off, what is the most probable effect
Loss blood supply to Superior portion of Superficial layer.
Where does Blood supply of Superior part of Superficial layer comes from?
Musculophrenic Artery- comes from ITA
A patient experienced a loss of blood supply to the inferior part of the her superficial region of the Abdomen? What can be probable cause of that?
it could be Damage to Femoral Artery or Superficial epigastric A. (medial) and superficial circumflex a. (lateral) which branches from Femoral Artery
Blood Supply to the Superior part of Deep layer?
Superior Epigastric Artery (terminal branch of ITA)
Blood Supply to lateral part of Deep layer?
10th and 11th Intercostal Artery and Subcostal Artery
Blood supply to inferior part of Deep Layer?
Inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex artery which branches off external iliac artery
If Femoral Artery is damaged, there will be deficient in blood supply of
Inferior Superficial Layer which is supplied by superficial epigastric artery and superficial circumflex artery coming branching from femoral Artery
If person Terminal branch of Internal Thoracic Artery gets damaged, his blood supply will be diminished in
Superior part of Deep layer which is supplied by Superior epigastric Artery that branches off Terminal ITA
If person Internal Thoracic Artery is damaged, there wont be any blood supply in
Superior Superficial layer (supplied by musculophrenic artery) and Superior Deep Layer (supplied by Superior Epigastric Artery)
If 10th and 11th Intercostal artery is damaged, there will be a complication of blood supply in
Lateral Portion of Deep layer which is supplied by both 10th and 11th Intercostal Artery and subcostal artery
If external iliac artery is damaged, then there will be diminished blood supply in
Inferior portion of Deep layer which is supplied by inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex artery
Where does the lymph drain to Superficially above umbilicus region?
Axillary Node
Where does the lymph drain to superficially below umbilicus?
superficial inguinal nodes
Where does the lymph drain to in Deep layer?
Parasternal node
Groin
Region between Anterior Abdominal Wall and Thigh
Inguinal canal
Passageway through Abdominal wall in the inguinal region
Direction of Inguinal Canal Internal-external
Deep (invagination of Transversalis Fascia) inguinal ring- Superficial (external oblique fascia) inguinal ring
As testes develop into scrotum, what do they bring with them?
Portion of Anterior Abdominal wall that will form structures inside the scrotum
The external spermatic fascia is derived from what fascia during the descent of the testes?
External Oblique
The Cremasteric fascia is derived from what fascia during the descent of the testes?
Internal Oblique Muscle
The transversalis fascia changes to what during the descent of the testes?
Internal Spermatic fascia
what is the important role of Cremasteric Fascia?
Responsible for raising or lowering the testes temp based on the temperature outside because sperm always needs to be 3 degrees cooler than the body to develop.
Indirect Inguinal Hernia
Through deep inguinal ring, lateral to epigastrics (most common)
Direct Inguinal Hernia
Through posterior wall of inguinal canal (through Inguinal triangle), medial to epigastrics
What type of Hernia push directly through Inguinal Triangle?
Direct Inguinal
What is Inguinal Triangle composed of
Inferior Border: Inguinal Ligament
Lateral Border: Inferior epigastric vessel
medial border: lateral edge of Rectus Abdominus
Deepest layer of Abdominal wall
Parietal Peritoneum
Visceral Peritoneum
covers organs suspended in the peritoneal cavity
Difference between Intraperitoneal and Retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal- organs suspended in the abdominal cavity by mesentery
Retroperitoneal- organs that are positioned between the parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall, in extraperitoneal fascia
Mesentery
Holds organs to the posterior abdominal wall. Vessels and Nerves travel through the mesentery to visceral organs.
Mobility of Intraperitoneal vs Retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal- free to move within the mesentery
Retroperitoneal- more confined to their position.
Name all that are part of Retroperitoneal Structures
Urinary System (kidney, ureter, bladder) and adrenal glands, Aorta and IVC, part of the esophagus and rectum, most of the pancreas (except for the tail), Most of the duodenum (except first segment and distal-most portion), Ascending and Descending colon
Where does Greater Omentum hangs from?
Greater Curvature of the Stomach and Duodenum/transverse colon
Lesser Omentum
Layers of peritoneum from lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver. Also separated the omental bursa (lesser sac) from the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity.
Omental/Epiloic Foramen
opening to the lesser sac/Omental bursa which is dorsal to the lesser omentum that looks like a pocket. Connects the lesser sac to the greater sac of abdominal cavity.
Transverse mesocolon
Fold of Peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the posterior body wall.
Sigmoid mesocolon
Peritoneal fold that attaches the sigmoid colon to the abdominal wall.
What organs are part of RUQ
Liver, Gall bladder
What organs are part of LUQ
Spleen (posterior), stomach
What organs are part of RLQ?
Appendix, ascending colon
What organs are part of LLQ?
descending colon, and sigmoid colon
What part of the stomach do we find Pancreas in?
Right and Left of the Upper Quadrant
What part of the stomach do we find small bowel in?
All 4 quadrants
