Abdomen assessment Flashcards by Alyssa Willis

What contents are in the RLQ of the abdomen

Cecum
Appendix
ascending colon
Terminal ileum
right ovary

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What is in the RUQ of the abdominal cavity

liver
gallbladder
pylorus
duodenum
hepatic flexure of colon
head of pancreas

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What is in the LUQ of the abdomen

Spleen
splenic flexure of colon
stomach
body and tail of pancreas

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What is in the LLQ of the abdomen

sigmoid colon
descending colon
left ovary

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What are the retroperitoneal organs?

S upraadrenal (adrenal) glands
A orta
D uodenum
P ancreas
U reters
C olon
K idneys
E sophagus
R ectum
SADPUCKER

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Where are the kidney located/how assess

costovertebral angle CVA, lower border of 12th rib. gently pound with fist

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What is gnawing, cramping or aching pain? non specific

visceral pain

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What is localized pain, generally considered more severe

Somatic or Parietal pain associated with inflammation of the peritoneum

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What is steatorrhea? What are causes?

fatty stools related to malabsorption, pancreatic insufficiency, small bowel bacterial overgrowth

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what is hematochezia? causes

Bright red blood, per rectum
lower GI bleed, hemorrhoids

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What is melena?

Black tarry stools, upper GI bleed, Peptic Ulcer Disease

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Differentiate between acute and chronic diarrhea

acute <14 days, usually infective
chronic >30 days, usually non infective, IBS, IBD, food allergy/sensitivity
Nocturnal Diarrhea usually pathologic (disease specific)

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What are causes of hematemesis?

esophageal varices, mallory weiss tears, PUD

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what are causes of satiety?

diabetic gastroparesis
anticholingeric meds
gastric outlet obstruction
gastric cancer

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What is the correct order for abdominal Assessment?

Inspect
Auscultate
Percuss
Palpate

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What are the 8 F’s of distention?

Fat
Fluid
Feces
Flatus
Fibroid
Full Bladder
Fatal Tumor
Fetus

What are common causes of hyperactive bowel sounds

Gastroenteritis, diarrhea, early intestinal obstruction

what processes are associated with absent bowel sounds

peritonitis, ileus

What is borborygmus

stomach growling

What is a friction rub associated with in abdominal auscultation

peritonitis, indicating inflammation of the peritoneal surface of an organ

What are signs of ascites? percussion?

protuberant abdomen with bulging flanks
central (rounded abd) tympany, surrounding dullness/flank

What is Traubes space?

area of percussion for spleenomegaly

what is castell sign?

splenic percussion sign
remains tympanic on inspiration, negative sign
tympanic to dullness, positive sign, splenomegaly more likely

What is the voluntary contraction when palpating abdomen

guarding, voluntary

What is involuntary reflex contraction?

Rigidity, board like associated with perforated hollow viscus (bowel)

What is the test for gall bladder called

Murphy sign, pain on inspiration from palpation of gallbladder

what is mcburney sign?

Mcburneys point in 1/3 between naval and superior iliac spine, tenderness is positive for appendicitis

What is pain in RLQ when pushing on left side called

Rovsing sign (indirect tenderness)

What is the psoas sign?

RLQ pain when extending right hip against resistance

what is the obturator sign

RLQ pain with internal and external rotation of flexed right hip.

How is hepatitis A spread?

Through fecal oral route rarely fatal, does not cause chronic hepatitis

How is hepatitis B transmitted?

blood, semen, body fluids most common sexual contact, IV drug use can cause cirrhosis, liver failure. Can be asymptomatic until advanced liver disease

What are USPSTF hepatistis B screening recommendations?

B- adolescent and adults at increased risk (male/male partners, drug users) A- Pregnancy- screened at all first prenatal appointments

Hepatitis C is spread through? treatment? screening?

blood, iv drug use, needle sticks antivirals B- all adults 18-75

USPSTF colorectal cancer screening

A - 50-75 year old stool based tests annually, colonoscopy q 10 years, signmoidoscopy q 5 years B- adults 45-49 C- adults 75-85 individualized based on life expectancy and previous screenings D- adults >85 y/o