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Exam 2 > Abdomen: Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdomen: Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What type of hernia is associated with the semilunar line

A

spigelian hernia

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2
Q

What hernia is associated with the linea alba

A

umbilical hernia

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3
Q

What type of hernia is associated with the inguinal ligament

A

inguinal hernia

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4
Q

Where is the semilunar line

A

between abdominal oblique muscles and rectus abdominus muscles

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5
Q

What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

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6
Q

What are the functions of the abdominal wall

A

support for abdominal organs
movement of trunk
assist respiration
compress abdominal contents

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7
Q

What are the 6 F’s associated with a distended abdomen

A 
fat
fluid
feces
fetus
flatus
food
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8
Q

How will abdominal pressure change during inspiration and expiration

A

increase in inspiration, decrease in expiration

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9
Q

What are the two layers of superficial fascia within the abdomen

A

Campers and Scarpas

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10
Q

What type of fascia is campers fascia

A

thin, losse fatty layer

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11
Q

What type of fascia is Scarpas fascia

A

thick, dense layer

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12
Q

What layer will adipose be removed during liposunction

A

Camper’s fascia

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13
Q

What layer would sutures be placed in on the abdominal wall

A

Scarpa–thicker to maintain sutures

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14
Q

What spaces are continuous with Scarpa’s fascia

A

penis and scrotum (dartos)

perineum (colles)

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15
Q

What is Colle’s fascia

A

superficial perineal fascia

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16
Q

Can fluid from scarpas spread to the thigh

A

no, not continuous with fascia lata of thigh

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17
Q

How might urine extravasate in a “jumping over the fence” injury

A

pubic symphysis and fence will smash urethra, tearing it. Blood and urine enter into space of the perineum under colle’s fascia, dartos fascia, shaft of penis under dartos up to abdominal wall

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18
Q

What are the muscles of the abdomen innervated by

A

T7-T11

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19
Q

What direction are the fibers of the external abdominal oblique

A

hands in pocket

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20
Q

What direction are the fibers of the internal abdominal oblique

A

fans out more inferiorly

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21
Q

What direction are the fibers of the trasversus abdominus

A

completely horizontal

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22
Q

What will compose the anterior and posterior rectus sheath when above the arcuate line

A

Anterior: aponeurosis of EAO and part of IAO

Posterior: aponeurosis of IAO and TA

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23
Q

What composes the anterior and posterior rectus sheath when below the arcuate line

A

ANterior: no posterior rectus sheath. All three aponeuroses infront

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24
Q

What nerves come off T1-T11

A

Thoracoabdominals
Subcostal
Ilioinguinal, Iliohypogastric

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25
Q

What are the spinal cord levels for thoracoabdominals

A

T7-T11

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26
Q

What are the spinal cord levels for Subcostal

A

T12

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27
Q

What are the spinal cord levels for Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric

A

L1

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28
Q

What is the main anastomosis within the abdominal wall

A

superior epigastric and inferior epigastric

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29
Q

What veins are responsible for draining the lateral aspect of the abdominal wall

A

lateral thoracic

superficial epigastric

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30
Q

How might the veins of the abdominal wall be used to compensate for a blockage in the IVC

A

superficial epigastric and lateral thoracic to drain

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31
Q

What is caput medusae

A

varicose enlargement of periumbilical veins of the abdominal wall due to portal hypertension

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32
Q

What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of

A

urachus

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33
Q

What is the medial umbilical ligament a remnant of

A

umbilical arteries

34
Q

What is the lateral umbilical ligament

A

inferior epigastric vessels on the backside of the abdominal wall

35
Q

Where does superficial lymph drainage of the abdominal wall occur

A

above umbilicus to axillary

below umbilicus to superficial inguinal

36
Q

What are the borders of Hesselbach’s triangle

A

rectus abdominus medially
inferior epigastric vessels laterally
inguinal ligament

37
Q

What type of hernia will occur through hesselbach’s triangle

A

direct inguinal hernia

38
Q

What is contained within the inguinal canal in males

A

ilioinguinal nerve
spermatic cord
genitofemoral nerve

39
Q

What is contained within the inguinal canal in females

A

round ligament of uterus

ilioinguinal nerve

40
Q

What composes the anterior portion of the inguinal canal

A

external oblique aponeurosis

41
Q

What composes the psoterior portion of the inguinal canal

A

transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

42
Q

What composes the roof of the inguinal canal

A

attaching fibers or TA and IAO

43
Q

What composes the floor of the inguinal canal

A

inguinal ligament, iliopubic tract

44
Q

Where is the inguinal canal weak

A

lateral to conjoint tendon; posterior wall

45
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring

A

opening in transversalis fascia at the start of inguinal canal

46
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring

A

opening in external oblique

47
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring bordered by

A

medial and lateral crus, intercrural fibers, reflected inguinal ligament

48
Q

What muscle will contribute muscle to the spermatic cord

A

internal oblique

49
Q

What muscle does internal oblique give rise to

A

cremaster muscle

50
Q

What layers of the abdomen will contribute to the layers surrounding the spermatic cord

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversalis fascia
subcutaneous tissue

51
Q

What does the external oblique contribute to the spermatic cord

A

external spermatic fascia

52
Q

What does the internal oblique muscle contribute to the spermatic cord

A

cremaster muscle

53
Q

What does the transversalis fascia contibute to the spermatic cord

A

internal spermatic fascia

54
Q

What does subcutaneous tissue contribute to the spermatic cord

A

dartos muscle and fascia

55
Q

What abdominal muscle does not contribute to the spermatic cord

A

transversus abdominis

56
Q

What are the major contents of the spermatic cord

A 
testicular artery
testicular vein (pampiniform plexus)
vas deferens
processus vaginalis
cremateric artery
lymphatics
ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerve
57
Q

What is the function of the cremaster muscle

A

elevates testicles for temperature control; also involved in cremaster reflex

58
Q

What is the cremaster reflex

A

gentle scraping of thigh will cause testes to pull upwards to abdomen

59
Q

What spinal level is being tested by cremaster reflex

A

L1-L2

60
Q

What nerve provides sensory info from cremaster

A

ilioinguinal

61
Q

What nerve innervates cremaster muscle

A

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

62
Q

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus within the spermatic cord

A

cool blood in the arteries

63
Q

What is the processus vaginalis

A

evagination of the peritoneum at the inguinal canal when testes descend to scrotum and will be obliterated

64
Q

What does the processus vaginalis become

A

tunica vaginalis

65
Q

What is the gubernaculum

A

a cord of tissue that guides the testes down through the inguinal canal and into the scrotum

66
Q

What may occur if the processus vaginalis remains open

A

indirect hernias

67
Q

How will lymph from the testes and scrotum drain

A

testes: lumbar nodes

skin of scrotum: superficial inguinal

68
Q

What is cryptochidism

A

testes fail to descend

69
Q

What is hydrocele

A

accumulation between visceral and paietal layers of tunica vaginalis

70
Q

Where does a hydrocele occur in females

A

canal of nuck

71
Q

What is testicular torsion

A

twisting of spermatic cord results in loss of blood flow and nerve function to the testicle

72
Q

What is a predisposition to testicular torsion

A

tunica vaginalis is attached higher than usual allowing more mobility in the testicle

73
Q

How will testicular torsion present

A

rapid onset of severe pain

dimpling

74
Q

What causes dimpling in testicular torsion

A

gubernaculum pulling on scrotum

75
Q

What are the characteristics of direct inguinal hernia

A

occur in older men due to weak abdominal muscles
occurs medial to the inferior epigastric vessels through the Hesselbach triangle
rarely reaches scrotum

76
Q

What are the characteristics of indirect inguinal hernia

A

occur in younger individuals more than adults and in males more than females
travel through inguinal canal to scrotum
occur lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

77
Q

What rings will be affected by direct and indirect hernias

A

direct: may affect superficial
Indirect: deep and superficial

78
Q

In which inguinal fossa will direct and indirect hernias occur

A

direct: medial
indirect: lateral

79
Q

What layers will be seen on an indirect inguinal hernia

A

same layers as the spermatic cord plus periotneum and transversalis fascia

80
Q

What layers will be seen on a direct inguinal hernia

A

only peritoneum and transversalis fascia

81
Q

Where do femoral hernias occur

A

in femoral canal

82
Q

How do inguinal hernias position differ from femoral hernias

A

femoral: inferolateral to pubic tubercle
inguinal: superomedial to pubic tubercle

Exam 2 (14 decks)

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