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EVOLVE modules > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ascites?

A

An abnormal fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity

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2
Q

What is the peritoneal?

A

Double walled serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
Visceral = lines organs
serous fluid between
Parietal = lines abdominal walls

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3
Q

What are the specialised double layer folds in the peritoneum?

A
  1. mesentery = encases the intestines, attaches them to the abdominal wall
  2. Omentum
    Greater = hangs from bottom of stomach over intestines attaching stomach to spleen
    Lesser = connects lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver
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4
Q

Peritoneal compartment located above transverse colon?

A

Supracolic

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5
Q

What is the specialised double walled peritoneum that encases the intestines and attaches them to the abdominal wall?

A

Mesentery

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6
Q

Specialised double walled peritoneum that drapes from the greater curvature of stomach over intestines

A

Greater omentum

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7
Q

What is the specialised supportive tissue that functions to encase the intestines and attach them to the abdominal wall?

A

Mesentery

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8
Q

The anatomic structure that divides the peritoneal spaces into 2 main compartments?

A

Transverse colon

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9
Q

What is the primary structure that divides the retroperitoneal spaces?

A

Renal (gerota’s) fascia

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10
Q

State the 9 regions of the abdominal:

A
  1. Right hypochondriac 2. Epigastric region
  2. Left hypochondriac. 4. Right lumbar
  3. Umbilical region. 6. Left lumbar
  4. Right iliac region 8. Hypogastric region
  5. Left iliac region
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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?

A 
Superior = diaphragm 
Inferior = pelvic floor muscles
Posterior = muscles of deep back
Lateral = abdominal muscles
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12
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

Abdominal walls

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13
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

A

Organs

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14
Q

Describe the greater omentum:

A

Fat laden fold of peritoneum, drapes down from greater curvature of stomach

  • connects stomach with spleen
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15
Q

Describe the lesser omentum

A

Attaches duodenum and lesser curvature of stomach to the liver
- there is a space behind the lesser omentum and the stomach called the lesser sac

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16
Q

What are the peritoneal ligaments?

A

Anything that is not mesentery or omentum, basically double layers of peritoneum that connect one organ to another or the anterior abdominal wall

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17
Q

Function of the falciform ligament:

A

Attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall & diaphragm

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18
Q

Structures located in the retroperitoneum

A
  • kidney. - pancreas
  • adrenal glands - duodenum
  • ureters - A & D colon
  • abdominal aorta. - inferior vena cava
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19
Q

Structures located in the peritoneum?

A
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • spleen
  • stomach/intestines
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20
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the right lobe of liver only visible on the posterior aspect?

A

Caudate

Quadate

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21
Q

What structure divides the right and left lobes of the liver?

A

Falciform ligament

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22
Q

Which portion of the gallbladder hangs slightly below anterior border of the liver?

A

The fundus

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23
Q

Which 2 biliary ducts join to form the common bile duct?

A

Common hepatic and cystic ducts

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24
Q

For which abdominal organ studied so far is sonography most commonly used to image?

A

Gallbladder

Biliary ducts

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25
Q

In an axial image, what organ is usually seen posters lateral to the stomach?

A

Spleen

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26
Q

What is the most anterior portion of the stomach?

A

The body

27
Q

Which is the following is most often seen closer to the MSP (mid sagittal plane) on axial images: spleen, stomach or pancreas?

A

Pancreas

28
Q

In an axial image which portion of the stomach will be seen first?

A

Fundus

29
Q

What organ will be seen on the medial aspect of the stomach in axial images?

A

Liver

30
Q

What is the head of the pancreas associated with??

A

Duodenum of small intestine

31
Q

What portions of the small and large intestines communicate?

A

Ileum of small intestine meets cecum of large intestine at the ileocecal valve

32
Q

What portions of the large intestine are located on the right lateral side of the abdomen?

A

Cecum
Ascending colon
Right colic flexure

33
Q

Which portion of the large intestine is located most superiorly in the abdomen?

A

Left colic flexure

34
Q

Which portion of the small intestine is the longest?

A

The ileum

35
Q

What is the typical shape of the adrenal glands on section images?

A

V-shaped or triangular in shape on sectional images

36
Q

Describe the normal location of the kidneys on axial and sagittal

A

On axial images: located either side of vertebral body against posterior abdominal wall

On sagittal image: just in front of the posterior abdominal wall

37
Q

What lobes of the liver are only seen on the visceral aspect?

A

Quadrate

Caudate

38
Q

The neck and body of the gallbladder are more:
Anterior/posterior
Inferior/superior
Than the fundus

A

Posterior and superior

39
Q

What is the upper portion of the stomach termed?

A

Fundus

40
Q

Describe the width of the abdominal aorta:

A

It is wider in diameter at its proximal end and gradually gets smaller as it passes distally

41
Q

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

A

At about the level of L4

It bifurcates into the R & L common iliac arteries

42
Q

What is the most superior parietal branches of the abdominal aorta?

A

Inferior phrenic arteries

43
Q

What are the paired visceral branches that arise from the lateral walls of the aorta below the SMA?

A

Renal arteries

44
Q

What is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

Celiac artery

45
Q

What is the unpaired visceral branch that arises just above the bifurcation of the aorta?

A

IMA

Inferior Mesentric Artery

46
Q

What unpaired visceral branch arises inferior to the celiac trunk?

A

SMA

superior Mesentric artery

47
Q

What is the largest vein in the body?

A

IVC

48
Q

Where does IVC transport blood to and from?

A

From the lower limbs, abdominal, pelvic organs and abdominal wall to the heart

49
Q

Location of the IVC in the abdomen?

A

Ascends the abdomen in the retroperitoneum to the right of the aorta.

50
Q

Insertion points of the external oblique muscles of the abdomen?

A

Linda Alba and iliac crest

51
Q

What is the action of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Flex spine laterally

52
Q

Which abdominal muscle acts to flex the trunk?

A

Rectus abdominis

53
Q

Function of the pyramidalis muscle?

A

Tense linea alba

54
Q

Common function of anterolateral wall muscles?

A

Compress abdominal viscera

55
Q

What supplies the diaphragm and the trunk? (Vasculature)

A

Inferior phrenic arteries

56
Q

What do the lumbar arteries supply?

A

Lumbar vertebrae
Posterior abdominal wall
Inferior end of spinal cord

57
Q

What does the middle suprARENAL arteries supply?

A

Adrenal glands

58
Q

What does the celiac artery immediately branch into?

A

1) Left gastric
2) common hepatic
3) splenic

59
Q

What supplies the upper portion of the stomach?

A

Left gastric

60
Q

What does common hepatic supply?

A

Gives off numerous branches to supply liver, gallbladder, duodenum, head of pancreas, lower portion of stomach

61
Q

What does the superior Mesentric artery supply?

A

Small intestine, right side of large intestine, head of pancreas

62
Q

What does inferior Mesentric artery supply?

A

Left side of large intestine, sigmoid and rectum

63
Q

What are the group of lymph nodes that drain the abdominal organs?

A

Visceral lymph nodes

64
Q

The IVC is formed by the junction of the R & L common iliac veins

A

Right and left common iliac

EVOLVE modules (2 decks)

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