Abdomen

Question 1

Muscles that flex and rotate the abdomen

Answer 1

External and internal oblique mm

Question 2

Muscles that increase intra-abdominal pressure

Answer 2

Internal and external oblique mm and transversum abdominus m.

Question 3

Muscles that flex the lumbar region

Answer 3

Right and left rectus abdominus mm

Question 4

Innervation of the abdominal wall (mm and cutaneous)

Answer 4

Thoracoabdominal nn (T7-11),
 subcostal n (T12), 
Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nn. (both L1)

Question 5

Subcostal nerve

Answer 5

(T12)
Innervates inf. part of external oblique
and skin superior to inguinal ligament

Question 6

Iliohypogastric nerve

Answer 6

Innervates internal oblique and transversus abdominus mm,

Also cutaneous to inguinal and hypogastric regions

Question 7

Ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 7

(L1)
Innervates internal oblique and transversus abdominus mm,
Also cutaneous to scrotum or labia majora
AND skin of upper medial thigh

Question 8

Greater splanchnic nerve

Answer 8

sympathetic to foregut (ie: stomach) and adrenal medulla,

from thoracic sympathetic trunk – through diaphragm – synapse at celiac ganglia to join celiac plexus.

Question 9

Blood supply to distinct lobes of liver

Answer 9

Left hepatic a: Left lobe, Caudate lobe, Quadrate lobe

Right hepatic a: Right lobe

Question 10

Path of ingestion to excretion

Answer 10

Mouth –> pharynx –> esophagus –> stomach (cardia, fundus, pylorus)

• -> duodenum –> jejunum –> ileum
• -> cecum –> ascending colon - transverse colon - descending colon - sigmoid colon –> rectum –> anus

Question 11

ileum

Answer 11

distal part of small intestine;

• short vasa recta (aa) and ~smooth mucosa covering in lumen
• blood supply = superior mesenteric a.

Question 12

jejunum

Answer 12

proximal part of small intestine;

• long vasa recta (aa) and highly folded mucosa (“circular folds”/”plicae circulares”)
• blood supply = superior mesenteric a.

Question 13

blood supply to large intestine

Answer 13

• Ascending colon: Middle colic, Right colic, ileocolic aa. (superior mesenteric a.)
• Transverse colon: Marginal a. (*anastamosis btwn Middle and Left colic aa.)
• Descending colon: left colic, sigmoid colic aa. (inferior mes. a.)

Question 14

Ureter travels with…

Answer 14

leaves posterior to renal a./v.,
travels down w/ gonadal a. (ovarian/testicular),
*In female pelvis only:
near uterus – travels just superior to Uterine a.,
then near cervix – just inferior (to uterine a.)

Question 15

adult structures of the Midgut:

Answer 15

duodenum to transverse colon (7 organs)

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 16

adult structures of foregut:

Answer 16

= rostral portion of alimentary tract – 6 organs;
esophagus, stomach, duodenum,
liver, gallbladder, pancreas (inf. and superior regions)

*(also spleen… but not a “gut organ”)

Question 17

adult structures of Hindgut:

Answer 17

most distal portion of alimentary tract – 4 organs;

distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon,
rectum

Question 18

“secondarily retroperitoneal” structures

Answer 18

• organs that are fixed (held in parietal peritoneum and viscera only AFTER development)*
  (5 organs)
  duodenum, ascending and descending colon, pancreas, and superior portion of rectum