Abdomen Flashcards
What factors are important in the stomachs digestive function?
- HCl
- Pepsin
-Production of Intrinsic factor
What are the 4 anatomical divisions of the stomach?
- Cardia
- Fundus
- Body
- Pylorus
How is blood supplied to the stomach? Where do they anastamose?
- Coeliac trunk & branches
- Left & Right gastric arteries - anastamose on the lesser curve
-Right & Left gastroepiploic arteries - anastamose on greater curve
What are the gastroepiploic arteries arise from?
Right = gastroduodenal
Left = Splenic
Where do the gastric veins of the stomach drain?
Hepatic portal vein
What are the roles of each section of the small intestine?
- Duodenum: Receives Chyme, pancreatic enzymes, bile from bile duct
- Jejunum: Carbs, amino acids, fatty acids absorbed
- Ileum: Vit B12, bile acids recycled
What are the characteristic features histologically of the small bowel?
- Villi
- Brunner’s glands (secrete alkaline mucous)
- Plicae circulares
What part of the digestive system is supplied by the coeliac artery?
- Stomach
- Proximal duodenum
What part of the digestive system is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery?
- remainder of duodenum
- Proximal portion of colon
What part of the digestive system is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery?
- Distal colon
What is the collateral blood flow of the digestive system called?
Vasa Recta
What are the 3 main venous tributaries that drain the digestive system? Where do they drain?
- Splenic vein: stomach
- Superior mesenteric vein: Upper small intestine, proximal colon
- Inferior mesenteric vein: Distal colon
What is the role of the liver?
- Drug metabolism
- Protein synthesis
- Glycogen storage
- Metabolism of macronutrients
- Glycaemic homeostasis
- Immunity
What are the components of a liver lobule?
- Central vein
- Peripherally - Portal triad: bile duct, portal vein & hepatic artery branches
What blood vessels make up the portal vein?
-Superior mesenteric
-Splenic vein
What is the role of the hepatic artery?
Deliver O2 rich blood from heart to liver
What is the venous drainage of the liver?
Left, right, middle hepatic veins that drain into the main hepatic vein
What is the common bile duct made of?
- Cystic duct
- Common hepatic duct
What are the nerve supplies to the parietal & visceral peritoneum?
- Parietal: Somatic
- Visceral: Autonomic
What are the visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?
- Coeliac trunk
- SMA
- middle suprarenal arteries
- Renal arteries
- Gonadal arteries
- IMA
What branches of the abdominal aorta are parietal?
- Inferior phrenic
- Lumbar arteries
- Middle/median sacral
What are the collateral pathways of the venous system?
- Azygos- hemiazygos
- Internal & External mammary
- Lumbar & vertebral venous plexus
What are the layers of the abdominal wall?
- Skin
- Subcut tissue: Camper’s & Scarper’s fascia
- Abdominal muscles: Rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, Transversus abdominis, external & internal oblique
- Transversalis fascia
- Parietal peritoneum
What are the 4 arterial origins of blood supply to the abdominal wall?
- Internal thoracic
- Aorta
- External iliac
- Femoral
What muscle make up the posterior abdominal wall?
- Diaphragm
- Posts major & minor
- Iliacus
- Quadratus lumborum
- Paraspinal
What is the arterial & venous supply of the posterior abdominal wall?
Arterial: Inferior phrenic & lumbar from common iliacs
Venous: Lumbar veins from IVC
What passes through the inguinal canal?
WOMEN: Round ligament of uterus
MEN: Spermatic cord
What is the nerve supply to the abdominal wall?
T7-T9: Thoracoabdominal nerves & branches of the intercostal nerves
T11-L1: Iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal
