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N190 - Physical Assessment > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

abdomen

A

the largest cavity of the body that obtains the digestive, urinary, & reproductive system

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2
Q

alimentary canal

A

hollow tube from the mouth to the anus

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3
Q

how long is the esophagus

A

10 inches

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4
Q

how big is the stomach

A

it is dependent on how much food a person eats

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5
Q

how long is the small intestines

A

8-12 ft

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6
Q

how long is the large intestines

A

5-5.5 ft

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7
Q

what is the largest internal gland of the body

A

the liver

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8
Q

the only digestive responsibility of the liver is to…

A

secrete bile

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9
Q

what does the liver produce

A
  • bile
  • antibodies
  • substance for coagulation of blood
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10
Q

what is the function of the liver?

A
  • aids protein, fat, and carb metabolism
  • detoxifies harmful substance in the body
  • stores vitamins
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11
Q

the gall bladder secretes & releases…

A
  • stores biles
  • release bile when fat is eaten for fat emulsion
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12
Q

what does the pancreas secrete

(endocrine)

A

insuline for carb and sugar metabolism

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13
Q

what does the pancreas secrete?

(exocrine)

A

pancreatic juice to assist with digestion of fat, protein, & carbs

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14
Q

what is the largest lymphoid organ?

A

spleen

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15
Q

what is the function of the spleen?

A
  • graveyard for RBCs
  • site for lymphatic proliferation & immune surveilance
  • destroys old RBCs
  • returns old products to the liver
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16
Q

what is the urinary system composed of?

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • bladder
  • urethra
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17
Q

glomeruli

A

cluster of capillaries of the kidneys that filters >1L of fluid/min

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18
Q

3 landmarks of the urinary system

A
  • costvertebral angle
  • rectum abdominus
  • symphysis pubis
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19
Q

5 abdominal landmarks

A
  • xyphoid process
  • umbillicus
  • costal margin
  • iliac crest
  • pubic bone
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20
Q

major convers as individuals advance in age?

A

urinary elimination

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21
Q

urinary concern common in elderly men

A

urinary retention

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22
Q

urinary concern common in elderly female

A
  • urinary incontinence
  • frequency/urgency
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23
Q

what is common in age 75 & older?

A

loss of nephrons leading to less glomerular filtration leading to susceptibility to drug toxicity

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24
Q

where is benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) most common?

A

common in 95% of men 85 y/o & older
- results in urinary retention/trickling when voiding

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25
Q

what is urolithiasis (renal calculi)?

A

renal stones blocing the urinary tract
- common in caucasians

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26
Q

renal calculi nursing interventions

A
  • strain all urine
  • save stones
  • report to MD
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27
Q

risk factor for urolithiasis

A

family hx

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28
Q

what can you do for a patient with urolithiasis

A

encourage 3L of fluids/day
- make sure no fluid restrictions are in place (CHF)

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29
Q

what is mapping of the abdomen?

A

4 quadrants or 9 regions for PA

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30
Q

which organs in RUQ?

A

liver & gallbladder

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31
Q

which organs in LUQ?

A

stomach & spleen

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32
Q

which organs in RLQ?

A

appendix

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33
Q

LLQ pain is associated with…

A

diverticular diseases

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34
Q

what sound is heard over liver or any solid organ like tume/pregnancy/ ascites?

A

dullness

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35
Q

strict sequence of abdominal assessment

A
  1. inspect
  2. auscultate
  3. percuss
  4. palpate
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36
Q

which abdominal finding should be reported on inspection of the abdomen that requires immediate intervention?

A

stong abdominal pulsation
- abdominal aortic aneurysm

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37
Q

what quadrant do you auscultate first?

A

RLQ

38
Q

best position to assess for distention?

A

supine w/ small pillow under head

39
Q

which technique used to assess distention?

A

INDIRECT percussion

40
Q

abdominal contour of slightly skinny person?

A

flat

41
Q

abdominal contour of very skinny person?

A

scaphoid

42
Q

abdominal contour of a fat person

A

rounded to protuberant

43
Q

abdominal contour of infant

A

rounded and protuberant

44
Q

abdominal contour of ascites

A

protuberant

45
Q

abdominal contour of 3 trimester pregnancy?

A

protuberant

46
Q

what should nurse expect w/ large hematoma located at the CVA?

A

injuries to kidneys

47
Q

what percussion for large hematoma at the CVA

A

BLUNT percussion

48
Q

what pain does blunt percussion of CVA indicate?

A

kidney disease or injury

49
Q

when are kidneys palpable?

A
  • presence of neoplasms
  • polycystic diseases
  • cancer
50
Q

why is bladder cancer more common in men?

A

linked to smoking

51
Q

what does acute renal failure include before becoming chronic?

A
  • stage 1: OLIGURIA (small urine)
  • stage 2: DIURESIS (excess urine)
  • stage 3: RECOVERY
52
Q

what is uremia?

A

urine product buildup in the blood
- hallmark for chronic renal failure

53
Q

crystalized urea on skin is…

A

uremic frost

54
Q

azotemia

A

high level of nitrogen compound in the blood due to inefficient functioning of kidneys

55
Q

urinary incontinence

A

inability to retain urine

56
Q

5 types of incontinence

A
  1. FUNCTIONAL (inability to reach toilet)
  2. REFLEX (spinal cord damage)
  3. STRESS (increase abdominal pressure due to coughing sneezing or aging)
  4. URGE (increase fluid intake in short amt of time)
  5. TOTAL (due to neurological condition)
57
Q

patient’s output > input

A

can be due to DM or kidney failure

58
Q

anuria

A

< 100ml/day

59
Q

oliguria

A

< 400ml/day

60
Q

glycosuria

A

sugar in urine

61
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary urination
- common in 5 y/o or younger

62
Q

normal urine output/day

A

800-2,000ml/day

63
Q

major role of kidney w/ excessive drop in BP

A

release/secrete renin to regulate BP

64
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver caused by virus, bacteria, chemicals, drugs, and sometimes parasites

65
Q

where is hepatitis A most common?

A

children b/c they do not wash hands before eating

66
Q

where is hepatitis E most common?

A

america

67
Q

what route is hepatitis A & E contracted?

A

fecal & oral

68
Q

hepatitis C, B, & D are

A

blood route

69
Q

where is hepatits C most common?

A

people w/ tattoos
- not using sterile needles, blood, parenterally

70
Q

where is hepatitis B & D most common?

A
  • sexually transmitted
  • blood to blood products
  • body fluids
  • parenteral
  • mother to child
71
Q

the only time you get hepatitis D when you already have…

A

hepatitis B

72
Q

chronic inflammation of the intestines

A
  • Crohn’s disease
  • can involve any part of the lower intestines
73
Q

S/Sx of Crohn’s

A
  • adb pain
  • diarrhea
  • then remisson
74
Q

is there medical/surgical intervention for Crohn’s?

A

no

75
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon

76
Q

s/sx of colitis

A
  • abd pain
  • diarrhea
  • blood in stool
77
Q

what condition may require long term medical intervention?

A

colitis

78
Q

splenomegaly

A

infection of the spleen caused by mononucleosis (kissing disease) by Epstein-Barr virus or Herpes-Virus 4

79
Q

A.G.E.

A

acute gastroenteritis

80
Q

s/sx of A.G.E.

A
  • diarrhea
  • w/ or w/o N/V
  • w/ or w/o fever
  • hyperactive bowel
81
Q

2 causes of A.G.E.

A
  • salmonella
  • shigella
82
Q

what should nurse watch out for during episode of A.G.E.

A

dehydration

83
Q

who can dehydration be fatal in?

A

children

84
Q

most accurate indicator of dehydration in children?

A
  • low LOC
  • weight loss
  • low urine output
85
Q

normal size of aorta w/o aneurysm

A

3 cm

86
Q

indication of neurysm or balooning of blood vessels

A

widened aorta

87
Q

pain in McBurney’s point indicates…

A

acute appendicitis

88
Q

where is McBurney’s point?

A

RLQ from the inguinal to umbilicus
- when you make imaginary line from umbilicus to right inhuinal area, the middle third

89
Q

what does positive Bloombergs sign indicate?

A
  • medical emergency
  • pt will feel stabbing pain as compressed abdomen returns to non-compressed state
  • can be due to peritoneal irritation
90
Q

sharp pain in LUQ when palpating the lower border of the liver is?

A

positive for murphy sign

91
Q

positive murpheys sign indicates…

A

cholecystitis

92
Q

pain in RLQ when palpating LLQ indicaties

A

positive rovsing sign

N190 - Physical Assessment (4 decks)

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