Abdomen Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
abdomen
A
the largest cavity of the body that obtains the digestive, urinary, & reproductive system
2
Q
alimentary canal
A
hollow tube from the mouth to the anus
3
Q
how long is the esophagus
A
10 inches
4
Q
how big is the stomach
A
it is dependent on how much food a person eats
5
Q
how long is the small intestines
A
8-12 ft
6
Q
how long is the large intestines
A
5-5.5 ft
7
Q
what is the largest internal gland of the body
A
the liver
8
Q
the only digestive responsibility of the liver is to…
A
secrete bile
9
Q
what does the liver produce
A
- bile
- antibodies
- substance for coagulation of blood
10
Q
what is the function of the liver?
A
- aids protein, fat, and carb metabolism
- detoxifies harmful substance in the body
- stores vitamins
11
Q
the gall bladder secretes & releases…
A
- stores biles
- release bile when fat is eaten for fat emulsion
12
Q
what does the pancreas secrete
(endocrine)
A
insuline for carb and sugar metabolism
13
Q
what does the pancreas secrete?
(exocrine)
A
pancreatic juice to assist with digestion of fat, protein, & carbs
14
Q
what is the largest lymphoid organ?
A
spleen
15
Q
what is the function of the spleen?
A
- graveyard for RBCs
- site for lymphatic proliferation & immune surveilance
- destroys old RBCs
- returns old products to the liver
16
Q
what is the urinary system composed of?
A
- kidneys
- ureters
- bladder
- urethra
17
Q
glomeruli
A
cluster of capillaries of the kidneys that filters >1L of fluid/min
18
Q
3 landmarks of the urinary system
A
- costvertebral angle
- rectum abdominus
- symphysis pubis
19
Q
5 abdominal landmarks
A
- xyphoid process
- umbillicus
- costal margin
- iliac crest
- pubic bone
20
Q
major convers as individuals advance in age?
A
urinary elimination
21
Q
urinary concern common in elderly men
A
urinary retention
22
Q
urinary concern common in elderly female
A
- urinary incontinence
- frequency/urgency
23
Q
what is common in age 75 & older?
A
loss of nephrons leading to less glomerular filtration leading to susceptibility to drug toxicity
24
Q
where is benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) most common?
A
common in 95% of men 85 y/o & older
- results in urinary retention/trickling when voiding
25
what is urolithiasis (renal calculi)?
renal stones blocing the urinary tract
- common in caucasians
26
renal calculi nursing interventions
- strain all urine
- save stones
- report to MD
27
risk factor for urolithiasis
family hx
28
what can you do for a patient with urolithiasis
encourage 3L of fluids/day
- make sure no fluid restrictions are in place (CHF)
29
what is mapping of the abdomen?
4 quadrants or 9 regions for PA
30
which organs in RUQ?
liver & gallbladder
31
which organs in LUQ?
stomach & spleen
32
which organs in RLQ?
appendix
33
LLQ pain is associated with...
diverticular diseases
34
what sound is heard over liver or any solid organ like tume/pregnancy/ ascites?
dullness
35
strict sequence of abdominal assessment
1. inspect
2. auscultate
3. percuss
4. palpate
36
which abdominal finding should be reported on inspection of the abdomen that requires immediate intervention?
stong abdominal pulsation
- abdominal aortic aneurysm
37
what quadrant do you auscultate first?
RLQ
38
best position to assess for distention?
supine w/ small pillow under head
39
which technique used to assess distention?
INDIRECT percussion
40
abdominal contour of slightly skinny person?
flat
41
abdominal contour of very skinny person?
scaphoid
42
abdominal contour of a fat person
rounded to protuberant
43
abdominal contour of infant
rounded and protuberant
44
abdominal contour of ascites
protuberant
45
abdominal contour of 3 trimester pregnancy?
protuberant
46
what should nurse expect w/ large hematoma located at the CVA?
injuries to kidneys
47
what percussion for large hematoma at the CVA
BLUNT percussion
48
what pain does blunt percussion of CVA indicate?
kidney disease or injury
49
when are kidneys palpable?
- presence of neoplasms
- polycystic diseases
- cancer
50
why is bladder cancer more common in men?
linked to smoking
51
what does acute renal failure include before becoming chronic?
- stage 1: OLIGURIA (small urine)
- stage 2: DIURESIS (excess urine)
- stage 3: RECOVERY
52
what is uremia?
urine product buildup in the blood
- hallmark for chronic renal failure
53
crystalized urea on skin is...
uremic frost
54
azotemia
high level of nitrogen compound in the blood due to inefficient functioning of kidneys
55
urinary incontinence
inability to retain urine
56
5 types of incontinence
1. FUNCTIONAL (inability to reach toilet)
2. REFLEX (spinal cord damage)
3. STRESS (increase abdominal pressure due to coughing sneezing or aging)
4. URGE (increase fluid intake in short amt of time)
5. TOTAL (due to neurological condition)
57
patient's output > input
can be due to DM or kidney failure
58
anuria
< 100ml/day
59
oliguria
< 400ml/day
60
glycosuria
sugar in urine
61
enuresis
involuntary urination
- common in 5 y/o or younger
62
normal urine output/day
800-2,000ml/day
63
major role of kidney w/ excessive drop in BP
release/secrete renin to regulate BP
64
hepatitis
inflammation of liver caused by virus, bacteria, chemicals, drugs, and sometimes parasites
65
where is hepatitis A most common?
children b/c they do not wash hands before eating
66
where is hepatitis E most common?
america
67
what route is hepatitis A & E contracted?
fecal & oral
68
hepatitis C, B, & D are
blood route
69
where is hepatits C most common?
people w/ tattoos
- not using sterile needles, blood, parenterally
70
where is hepatitis B & D most common?
- sexually transmitted
- blood to blood products
- body fluids
- parenteral
- mother to child
71
the only time you get hepatitis D when you already have...
hepatitis B
72
chronic inflammation of the intestines
- Crohn's disease
- can involve any part of the lower intestines
73
S/Sx of Crohn's
- adb pain
- diarrhea
- then remisson
74
is there medical/surgical intervention for Crohn's?
no
75
colitis
inflammation of the colon
76
s/sx of colitis
- abd pain
- diarrhea
- blood in stool
77
what condition may require long term medical intervention?
colitis
78
splenomegaly
infection of the spleen caused by mononucleosis (kissing disease) by Epstein-Barr virus or Herpes-Virus 4
79
A.G.E.
acute gastroenteritis
80
s/sx of A.G.E.
- diarrhea
- w/ or w/o N/V
- w/ or w/o fever
- hyperactive bowel
81
2 causes of A.G.E.
- salmonella
- shigella
82
what should nurse watch out for during episode of A.G.E.
dehydration
83
who can dehydration be fatal in?
children
84
most accurate indicator of dehydration in children?
- low LOC
- weight loss
- low urine output
85
normal size of aorta w/o aneurysm
3 cm
86
indication of neurysm or balooning of blood vessels
widened aorta
87
pain in McBurney's point indicates...
acute appendicitis
88
where is McBurney's point?
RLQ from the inguinal to umbilicus
- when you make imaginary line from umbilicus to right inhuinal area, the middle third
89
what does positive Bloombergs sign indicate?
- medical emergency
- pt will feel stabbing pain as compressed abdomen returns to non-compressed state
- can be due to peritoneal irritation
90
sharp pain in LUQ when palpating the lower border of the liver is?
positive for murphy sign
91
positive murpheys sign indicates...
cholecystitis
92
pain in RLQ when palpating LLQ indicaties
positive rovsing sign
