Abdomen

Question 1

Leukonychia

Answer 1

Hypoalbuminaemia

Question 2

Clubbing

Answer 2

Cirrhosis, IBD, coeliac

Question 3

Koilonychia

Answer 3

Iron deficiency anaemia

Question 4

Dupuytens contracture

Answer 4

Alcohol

Question 5

Bruising

Answer 5

Liver dysfunction

Question 6

Scratch marks/pruritis

Answer 6

Chronic cholestasis

Question 7

Muscle wasting

Answer 7

Inadequate nutrition, sepsis

Question 8

Tract marks

Answer 8

Risk of hep B and C

Question 9

Poor skin turgor

Answer 9

Dehydration

Question 10

Flapping tremor

Answer 10

Liver failure

Question 11

Fine tremor

Answer 11

Alcohol withdrawal

Question 12

Parotid swelling

Answer 12

Alcohol

Question 13

What do the following nodes drain

• virchows
• anterior and posterior nodes
• tonsillar
• submandibular
• submental
• preauricular

Answer 13

• Virchows
  
  • GI structures
• Anterior and posterior cervical
  
  • Neck structures
• Tonsillar
  
  • Oropharynx
• Submandibular
  
  • 2/3 tongue and floor mouth
• Submental
  
  • Tip tongue and anterior floor mouth
• Preauricular
  
  • Face including parotid

Question 14

Spider naevi

Answer 14

Liver failure

Question 15

Erythema nodosum

Answer 15

IBD

Question 16

What do you inspect for in abdomen?

Answer 16

• Movement with respiration
• Scars
• Stoma
• Visible pulsation
• Distended veins
• Skin lesions
• Petechiae
• Scratch marks
• Abdominal shape
• Abdominal distension
• Straie

Question 17

Scratch marks

Answer 17

Chronic cholestasis/liver failure

Question 18

Distended veins

Answer 18

Portal hypertension

Question 19

Petechiae

Answer 19

Liver dysfunction

Question 20

Striae

Answer 20

Weight loss

Question 21

Abdominal distension

Answer 21

5 Fs (fat, faeces, flatus, fluid or foetus)

Question 22

What is percussed?

Answer 22

• Liver
• Spleen
• Shifting dullness
• Fluid thrill

Question 23

What must you say at end

Answer 23

Now would examine groin, hernial orifices, male genitalia and digital rectal examination