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Semiology > Abdomen 1 > Flashcards

Abdomen 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensitive to wheat fat and coffeine

A

Irritable bowel syndrome

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2
Q

Gastrointestinal and hepatic consequences of alcohol

A 
Alcoholic liver disease 
Gastritis 
Pancreatitis 
esophageal cancer 
Diarrhoea
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3
Q

Smoking

A

increased risk of oesophageal cancer, colorectal

cancer and peptic ulcer.

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4
Q

Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

drugs can cause

A

Dyspepsia
Gastric erosion
Peptic ulcer

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5
Q

opioid analgesia causes

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Constipation

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6
Q

Antibiotics can cause

A

Diarrhea

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7
Q

In patients with liver diseases- risk factors

for viral hepatitis:

A
  • foreign travel
  • tattoos
  • multiple sexual partners
  • Iv drugs
  • blood transfusion
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8
Q

UGI

Dry mouth

A

Xerostomia atropine, Sjogren sdr.

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9
Q

UGI

Altered taste sensation

A

Dysgeusia

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10
Q

UGI

Difficulty in swallowing

A

Dysphasia

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11
Q

UGI

Sensation of a lump in the mouth

A

Globus

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12
Q

UGI

Pain swallowing

A

Odynophagia

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13
Q

Burning retrosternal discomfort

A

Heartburn

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14
Q

UGI

malodorous breath

A

Halitosis

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15
Q

Anorexia

A

– common in many gastrointestinal and liver
diseases (cancer, hepatitis)
– does not specifically indicate a
gastrointestinal disease

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16
Q

Weight loss with normal, or even increased,

calorie intake is rare, but may occur in

A
  • type 1 diabetis mellitus
  • hyperthyroidism
  • malabsorption
  • fever
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17
Q

Very rapid weight loss (> 0.5 kg/day)

indicates

A

Fluid loss

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18
Q

Causes of weight loss?

A

– malignancies of the upper gastrointestinal tract, liver
and pancreas, but is a late feature of colon cancer.
hen severe it is called cancer cachexia.
– Inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders (pancreatitis,
inflammatory bowel disease).
– chronic liver disease: weight loss - multifactorial; a
reduced calorie intake because of anorexia, ascites
and imposed dietary restrictions on salt,
malabsorption of food due to reduced bile production,
and the diseased liver cannot process the absorbed
nutrients.

19
Q

Other causes of weight loss : non-gastrointestinal diseases:
other malignancies, chronic infections or
inflammatory conditions.

A

Mental illness such as depression is easy to
overlook, especially in the elderly, and anorexia
nervosa or bulimia is a common cause in
adolescents.

Amenorrhoea is not specific to anorexia nervosa,
and menstrual irregularity is common in women
who lose weight from any cause.

20
Q

Pale smooth tongue

A

Atrophic glossitis
Beefy raw appearance in folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency
–> malabsorption

21
Q

Painful hacks at the corner of the mouth

A

Angular chelates

22
Q

Telangiectasis

A

Osler-weber re du syndrom

23
Q

Oral ulceration

A

Crohn

Behcet

24
Q

Clubbing

A

Inflammatory bowel syndrome
Amyloidosis
Cirrhosis

25
Q

Leukonychia

A

Hypoalbuminemia due to liver disease
Nephrotic syndrome
Malabsorption
Protein malnutrischen

26
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

Shortening and thickening of the skin
Alcoholic liver disease
Congenital and occupational factors
More often in smokers

27
Q

Bilateral parotid swelling

A

Malnourished alcohol dependent patients

28
Q

palpable metastatic scalene lymph node in
the supraclavicular fossa, most commonly on
the left side

A

Trosier s sign

May be caused by gastric or pancreatic cancer

29
Q

widespread lymphadenopathy with

hepatosplenomegaly may suggest

A

Lymphoma

30
Q

Unpleasant taste: parodontopathies, gum

infections;

A

– Sour taste: acid regurgitations, gastritis,
– bitter taste: gallblender diseases;
– metallic taste: intoxication (Pb,Cr),
– radish taste – hepatic failure

31
Q

small red spots
surrounded by white
areas over the buccal
mucosa

A

(Koplik sign) measles in prod royal stage

32
Q

blue line
along the gum, with bluish
black edging to the teeth

A

Saturnism (chronic lead poisoning )

33
Q

Hypersalivation (sialorrhea, ptyalism):

A

– Teething
– Infections of the upper resp.tract
– Allergies

34
Q

Color aspect tongue

A 
– Dry tongue (“fried” tongue) –severe 
dehydration
– Saburral– white-yellow layer: fever, 
dehydration
– issured (cracked) tongue – scrotal 
tongue – congenital anomalies
– Geographic tongue – allergies
– Strawberry tongue – inflamed red 
papillae: scarlet fever, Kawasaki sdr.
– Ulcerations – injuries, trauma (the 
abuse of cigarettes and excessive 
consumption of alcoholic beverages)

Pain= glossodinia
– local causes: inflammation, ulcerations, tumors,
candidosis
– general causes: anemia, uremia, diabetes

35
Q

Diet lacking fruits, vegetables and fibres

A

Increased risk of developing colonic cancer and diverticular disease

36
Q

Esophageal syndrome

A 
– Dysphagia
– Chest pain
– heartburn
– regurgitation s
(pitting up of food from the 
esophagus or stomach without 
nausea or forceful 
contractions of abdominal 
muscles)

in any oesophageal
disease- due to
motility disorders or
organic causes

37
Q

Dysphagia

A

Risk of aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, weight loss,
dehydration

Causes- according to the affected phase of swallowing:
– oral: impaired control of the tongue
– Pharyngeal: lack of coordination of the pharyngeal
muscles, a poor opening of the upper esophageal
sphincter
– Esophageal: a mechanical obstruction, a motility
disorder, an impairment of the opening of the lower
esophageal sphincter

Aspiration= the passage of food or liquid through the
vocal folds.

38
Q

Achalasia

A

megaoesophagus, cardiospasm
– Motility disorder- lower esoph.sphincter cannot relax completely - incrs.tone
– Dysphagia for both solids and liquids
– chest pain;
– regurgitation of the bland, nonacidic contents of the
enlarged esophagus;
-cough at neight

39
Q

GERD=

A 
gastroesophageal reflux disease
an excess volume of gastric juice that 
refluxes into the esophagus and cause 
symptoms with/without associated esophageal 
mucosal injury
40
Q

Typical symptoms GERD

A

Dysphagia
Heartburn
Regurgitation

41
Q

GERD atypical symptoms:

A

coughing, wheezing, damage to the
lungs (pneumonia, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis), vocal cords (laryngitis, cancer), teeth (enamel
decay).

42
Q

Esophagitis is classified
into the following 4
grades based on its
severity:

A

– Grade I – Erythema
– Grade II – inear nonconfluent erosions
– Grade III – Circular confluent erosions
– Grade IV – Stricture or Barrett esophagus (the squamous epithelium of is replaced by the intestinal columnar epithelium)

43
Q

Esophageal motility disorders

A

Achalasia
Spastic esophageal motility disorders: diffuse
esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus
Nonspecific esophageal motility disorder
(inefficient esophageal motility disorder)
Secondary esophageal motility disorders:
scleroderma, diabetes mellitus, alcohol
consumption, psychiatric disorders,
presbyesophagus

Semiology (13 decks)

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