Abdo Flashcards
What are the dermatomes of T8, T10&T12?
T8 - Intersection of the midclavicular line and the horizontal level at one half the distance between the level of the xiphoid process and the level of the umbilicus.
T10 - Intersection of the midclavicular line, at the horizontal level of the umbilicus.
T12 - Intersection of the midclavicular line and the midpoint of the inguinal ligament.
What is the transtubercular plane?
horizontal plane
crosses the 2 iliac tubercles
just below the supracristal plane
L5
Label this
- Ductus deferens
- Retropubic space
- Puboprostatic ligament
- Urethra
- Corpus cavernosum
- Corpus sponginosm
- Glands penis
- External urethral orifice
- Testes
- Epididymis
- Pubic symphysis
- Urinary bladder
- Bulb of penis
- Internal anal sphincter
- External anal sphincter
- Prostate gland
- Urogenital diaphragm
- Ejaculatory duct
- Internal urtheral orifice
- Ampulla of ductus deferens
- Ureter
- Rectum
Whats the surface markings of the kidneys and ureters?
Locate L1 (T12 can be found as a midway point from the inferior border of the scapular and superior border of illiac crest.)
Mark the transpyloric plane
Mark the hilum of kidney 4.5cm from the posterior median line
9-12cm long and 5-7cm broad
left kindey reaches upper border of 11th rib
right kiney reaches lower border of 11th rib
ureters descend vertically from the hilum
How do you conduct superficial and deep palpation of the abdomen?
Light - finger tips,
deep -flat hand, firm steady pressure. 2 hands if required - upper one apply pressure lower one palpate
What are the abdonimal quardrents and what divides them?
trans umbillical plane
What is the supracristal plane?
horizontal plane
top of the iliac crest
L4
Label this
- Ureter
- Ductus deferens
- Ampulla of ductus deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
- Prostatic urethra
- Bulbo urethral gland
- Corpus cavernosum
- Bulb of penis
- Urogenital diaphragm
- Prostate
- Urinary bladder
- Seminal vesicle
Label this
Label this
1) Ala of sacrum
2) Iliac crest
3) Iliac fossa
4) Pelvic inlet
5) sacrum
6) Ischial spine
7) Aceatabulum
8) Pubic tubercle
9) Ischial ramus
10) Inferior pubic ramus
11) Pubic symphysis
12) Body of pubis
13) Ischial tuberosity
14) Obturator foramen
15) AIIS
17) Anterior sacral foramina
18) ASIS
19) Sacroiliac joint
20) Body of s1
What is the spermatic cord?
The spermatic cord is the cord-like structure in males formed by the vas deferens (ductus deferens) and surrounding tissue that runs from the deep inguinal ringdown to each testicle.
Label this
- Suspensory ligaments of ovary
- Broad ligament
- Round ligament
- Vesico-uterine pouch
- Recto uterine pouch
- Ureter
Where are the sites of referred pain from the visceral organs?
Whats the surface markings of the liver and gall bladder?
Describe the borders
Upper border
- Line from the 5th rib and cc to the left 5th ICS MCL
Oblique border:
- Follows the right costal margin from the right MAL through the tip of the 9th CC to the tip of the left 5th ICS MCL
Right border:
- Starts from the right costal margin at the right mid-axillary line and ascends upwards along the right MAL to meet the 5th rib
Label this
- urinary bladder
- Ureter
- Urethra
- Uterine tubes
- Ovaries
- Uterus
- Cervix
- Vagina
- Posterior fornix of vagina
- Round ligament
- External anal sphincter
- Internal anal sphincter
- External urethral sphincter
Label this
- Round ligament
- Uterine tube
- Ligament of ovary
- Isthmus of uretus
- Cervix of uretus
- External os of uretus
- Broad ligament
- Suspensory ligament
- Fimbriae
- Uterine tube
- Fundus of uterus
Label this
- Ligment of ovary
- Body of uterus
- Round ligament
- Uterine cavity
- Fundus of uterus
- Fimbrae
- Uterine tube
- Ovarian vessels in suspensory ligament of ovary
- Ovary
- Myometrium
- Endometrium
- Internal os
- Ureter
- Cervical canal
- External os
- External urethral orifice
- Clitoris
- Labium minor
- Lateral vaginal fornix
- Cervix
How do you percuss the liver?
Dull sound from 5th rib in MCL to the costal margin
How do you locate L1, L2 and L4?
L1 - One down from T12.
T12 can be found as a midway point from the inferior border of the scapular and superior border of illiac crest.
L4 - level of iliac crest
What is the transpyloric plane?
transerve plane
half way between jugualr notch and pubic symphysis
aprox hand’s bredth inferior to the xiphisternum
9 ICS
L1
What is the sacral promontory?
The broadest and uppermost part of the sacrum is tilted forwards as the sacral promontory
Label this
How is the male and femal pelvis different?
Pubic arch angle increased in females, changes to pelvic inlet
Describe the location of the inguinal ligament and the superfical and deep ingunal rings
Ligament - between the pubic tubercle and ASIS
Deep - just above midpoint of ligament
Superficial - Superior to pubic tubercle
Whats the surface markings of of the spleen?
left hypochondrium
upper broder of 9th rib to lower border of 11th rib
between the lateral border of erector spinae and mid axillary line
Draw the position of stomach, duodenum, appendix and caecum, ascending and descending colon and urinary bladder on the anterior abdominal wall
How would you palpate the femoral artery?
Just below the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
What are the 9 abdominal regions? What divides them?
transpyloric plane
Intertubercular plane
MCL
Lumbar = Flank
Iliac = Inguinal
How do you ascultate the bowel sounds?
Do it before any percussion or palpation
listen in the 4 quardrants, ideally for 3 mins
What is the subcostal plane
hoizontal plane along the inferior border of the costal margin
L3
How would you palpate the abdominal aorta?
Just above the umbillicus left of the midline
