Abdo

Question 1

key openings
aorta
vena cava
oesophagus

Answer 1

8, 10, 12

Question 1

draw branches of abdominal aorta

Answer 1

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- paired and unpaired visceral
- parietal
Mauve (top to bottom)
Inferior phrenic
Coeliac trunk
Middle suprarenals
Superior mesenteric artery
Renal x2
Lumbar arteries x4
Gonads x2
Inferior mesenteric
Median sacral

Question 2

Inguinal hernias (direct) characteristics

Answer 2

Direct: Acquired weakness of the anterior abdominal wall, less common than indirect, exits from abdominal cavity through peritoneum plus transversalis fascia, passes through the or around inguinal canal, via superficial ring, lateral cord, rarely enters scrotum. Direct hernias herniate medially to the inferior epigastric artery

Question 3

femoral hernias

Answer 3

weakness of anterior muscle wall
protrusion of abdomen viscera - usually small bowel within femoral triangle (SAIL boundaries)
- protrusion can increase in size into saphenous opening
- more common in females because of larger pelvis
- usually tender to palpate
- inferolateral to pubic tubercle bound by femoral vein laterally and lacunar ligament medially