ABCs of Proprioception

Question 1

definition of proprioception

Answer 1

bodys ability to transmit afferent information about position sense, to interpret the info, and respond to consciously or unconsciously to stimulation thru appropriate execution of posture and movement

Question 2

what should be worked on before agility, balance, and coordination

Answer 2

flexibility, strength, and endurance

Question 3

components of proprioception

Answer 3

agility
balance
coordinatio

Question 4

proprioceptors

Answer 4

afferent nerves that recieve and send impulses from stimuli within the skin, muscle, joints, and tendons to CNS

Question 5

what sends info about tension of the muscle, position of a body part, etc

Answer 5

proprioceptors

Question 6

types of cutaneous receptors

Answer 6

fast-adapting afferents
slow-adapting I and II afferents

Question 7

fast-adapting afferents

Answer 7

-cutaneous
-detect sudden changes in speed and movement
-sends lots of info to CNS quickly

Question 8

slow adapting I and II afferents

Answer 8

-cutaneous
-produce constant level of stimulation and provide info related to joint and limb position

Question 9

T/F injured subjects have increased reliance on cutaneous receptors for proprioception

Answer 9

true

Question 10

golgi tendon organs

Answer 10

-detect tension
-respond to contraction
-stretch
-produce relaxation

Question 11

muscle spindles

Answer 11

respond to stretch causing contraction

Question 12

what determines joint position because of their muscle-length sensitivity; acts as limb stabilizers

Answer 12

muscles spindles and GTOs

Question 13

types of joint receptors

Answer 13

-group II afferents
-group III (A fibers) afferents
-group IV (C fibers) afferents

Question 14

group II afferents

Answer 14

-joint receptors
-large-diameter, myelinated axons with high speed conduction (A-beta nerve fibers)
-ruffini, pacinian corpsucles, golgi-mazzoni corpsucles

Question 15

group III (A fibers) and group IV (C fibers) afferents

Answer 15

-joint receptors
-small-diamter, thinly myelinated or nonmyelinated axons with slower conduction
-free nerve endings in soft tissue
-nociceptors that are stimulated by pain and inflammation

Question 16

ligament receptors

Answer 16

stimulated by ligamentous stress
-produce inhibitory response of agonist muscles
-ex: ruptured ACL prevents quad muscles from contracting

Question 17

spinal cord

Answer 17

-spinal reflex or internuncial connection
-quickest response

Question 18

brain stem

Answer 18

posture and balance
-cerebellum

Question 19

primary proprioceptive correlation center

Answer 19

cerebellum

Question 20

cerebral cortex

Answer 20

-volitional control
-correct movement learned and consciously controlled
-slowest response
-becomes an automatic response

Question 21

definition of balance

Answer 21

bodys ability to maintain an equilibrium by controlling its center of gravity over its base of support

Question 22

balance involves 3 systems

Answer 22

-vestibular
-oculomotor
-somatosensory

Question 23

what influences balance

Answer 23

-strength
-sensory input from CNS

Question 24

vestibular system sensory input

Answer 24

vertical and horizontal position and motion

Question 25

oculomotor system sensory input

Answer 25

relative position of body in space

Question 26

tests that assess balance

Answer 26

static:
-Romberg
-BESS

dynamic:
-SEBT
-Y-Balance
-CKCUEST

Question 27

sesnory input from the inner ear comes from what sensory system

Answer 27

vestibular