ABCDE Flashcards
What is the treatment for CAP?
0-2 = Mild/mod = IV or PO Amoxicillin for 5 days
3-5 = Severe = IV Co-amox & PO Doxy for 5 days
What is involved in the ‘sepsis six’ protocol?
Give 3 – Fluids, Oxygen, Antibiotics
Take 3 – Cultures, urine output, lactate
Which antibiotics should be used for chest sepsis?
IV Co-amox and PO Doxy
What is the treatment for meningitis?
Ceftriaxone + Dexamethasone (+ Amox if > 60 or immunocompromised)
What is the treatment for urosepsis?
IV Amox & Gent
What is the empirical Tx for intra-abdominal sepsis?
IV Amox, Met and Gent
How does management of STEMI differ from NSTEMI/unstable angina?
STEMI - consider PCI
NSTEMI/unstable angina - PCI guided by GRACE score
What is the time window for PCI?
if available within 2 hours of assessment and 12 hours of symptom onset
NSTEMI with low risk GRACE - what is the management?
Medical
NSTEMI high GRACE score - what is the management?
Angiography +/- PCI
Which medications may be used in ACS?
o Morphine
o Oxygen (if hypoxic)
o Nitrates - GTN
o Aspirin 300mg
o Ticagrelor (not before PCI decision)
How should DKA be managed?
o Ask for protocol!!!
o Usually IV fluid & insulin infusion until < 14 mmol/l
What is the immediate management of hyperkalaemia?
o 10mls 10% calcium gluconate IV
o Insulin/dextrose infusion
What is the most important step in managing stroke?
CT head to rule out bleed
What are the definitive Tx options for acute stroke?
Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy
Which investigation can be used to assess for suitability of thrombectomy?
CT contrast angiography
What is the time limit for thrombolysis?
4.5 hours
What is the usual time limit for thrombectomy?
6 hours
What BM suggests hypoglycaemia?
< 4 mmol/l
How should hypoglycaemia be managed if the patient is fully conscious and able to swallow?
Fruit juice or glucotabs
How should hypoglycaemia be managed if the patient is semi-conscious?
Glucogel
How should hypoglycaemia be managed in an unconscious patient?
IM 1mg Glucagon or 10% dextrose IV
What should be given in hypoglycaemia once BM has returned to normal?
Long-acting carbohydrate eg. slice of bread
What is meant by status epilepticus?
Seizure lasting > 5m or 3 in one hour
How should status epilepticus be managed?
Community – 10mg buccal midazolam or PR diazepam
If IV access – IV 4mg lorazepam
How should pre-eclampsia be managed?
Emergency secondary care assessment
In hospital, may get anti-hypertensive, MgSO4 and steroids
What is the management for AF?
Rate control - beta-blocker or diltiazem
What is the management for SVT?
Vagal manoevres –> Adenosine 6mg bolus
What is the management for opioid overdose?
Naloxone 400mcg IM
What is the immediate management for tension pneumothorax?
needle compression in 2nd IC space, mid-clavicular line
What is the management for acute asthma?
OSHITMAN - Oxygen, Salbutamol, Ipratropium, Theophylline, Magnesium, Anaesthetics
What is the management for acute COPD?
iSOAP - Ipratropium, Salbutamol, Oxygen, Antibiotics, Prednisolone
