=AB-H Flashcards
tobacco
plant with leaves that contain the chemical nicotine
nicotine
toxic substance that gives tobacco products their addictive quality
aerosol
suspension of fine particles or droplets in the air
carbon monoxide
poisonous gas that interferes with the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body
vaping devices
tobacco products that heat tobacco or synthetic nicotine without burning it, producing an aerosol
e-liquid
substance made of nicotine (or another drug) and other chemicals; is heated during vaping
tar
residue consisting of small, thick, sticky particles; builds up in the lungs as a result of smoking.
popcorn lung
-condition that damages the lungs’ smallest airways; leads to coughing and shortness of breath
alcohol-
addictive depressant with the active ingredient ethanol; alters brain function
blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood
depressant-
substance that slows down the central nervous system, including the brain
inhibition-
psychological restraint that keeps people from acting in dangerous ways
driving under the influence (DUI)
operating a motor vehicle with a blood alcohol concentration at or over 0.08% for adults; for teens, this level is lower and varies by state; also known as driving while intoxicated (DWI) or drunk driving
alcohol use disorder (AUD
substance use disorder in which a person has an addiction to alcohol and continues to consume it despite negative health effects
cirrhosis
-buildup of scar tissue in the liver caused by consuming large amounts of alcohol.
Detoxification
process that allows the body to clear itself of all alcohol or drugs
enabling
protecting a person from the negative consequences of chosen behaviors
medication
-substance that treats disease or relieves symptoms
over-the-counter (OTC) medications
substances that can legally be sold without permission from a healthcare professional in a particular country
prescription medications
substances that can legally be sold only with permission from a doctor or other qualified healthcare professional
analgesics
medications that relieve pain
side effects
unintended changes that develop in response to a medication
drug allergy
immune response in which the body treats a particular substance as if it is harmful to the body.
medication misuse
use of a medication in an unintended way; can be intentional or unintentional.
medication abuse
persistent pattern of medication misuse that causes serious harm
dopamine
chemical in the brain that causes feelings of pleasure; motivates behaviors like eating and drinking
opioids
prescription medications that relieve severe or long-lasting pain
euphoria
-intense pleasurable feeling
overdose
act of taking more of a substance than the body can break down at one time; can lead to serious health consequences and death
fentanyl
prescription opioid 50 to 100 times more powerful than morphine; prescribed for pain other opioids cannot control
performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs)
medications that people abuse in hopes of improving strength, speed, and stamina
methadone
-is a prescription opioid for severe pain, including painful withdrawal symptoms. Unlike other opioids, it does not cause euphoria.
marijuana
mind-altering, addictive drug made up of dried parts of the cannabis plant
edible
food mixed with a drug or a drug’s active ingredients
cocaine
highly addictive stimulant that comes from the leaves of a coca plant
methamphetamine
extremely addictive, synthetic stimulant; is powerful enough a person can develop an addiction on first use.
bath salts- synthetic drugs that contain the stimulant (MDPV); are often marketed as household products
hallucinogens
drugs that change a person’s perception of reality; can cause hallucinations, affect mood, and alter a person’s sense of time
heroin-
naturally occurring, illegal opioid; comes as a white powder often mixed with other substances
roofies
club drug made of Rohypnol® that makes a person unable to move or respond to events
inhalents
chemicals that people breathe to experience some type of high; often take the form of household substances
self-medicate
to abuse medications or drugs to cope with symptoms of a health condition
rehabilitation program
treatment for a substance use disorder in which a healthcare professional oversees recovery; may involve a combination of medicinal and behavioral treatment
relapse-
act of taking a substance again after deciding to stop
nutrition
-process of choosing and consuming food necessary for health and growth.
nutrients
chemical substances that provide the nutrition essential for growth, energy, and function.
carbohydrates
nutrients that are the major source of energy for the body; can be found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products. There are three distinct types of carbohydrates: sugar, starch, and dietary fiber.
glucose
simple carbohydrate and the preferred source of energy for the brain and central nervous system.
Simple carbohydrates
(sugars) glucose, fructose, lactose, and sucrose
Complex carbohydrates
Starches, or chains of glucose linked together
Starch
-Products made from grains, such as bread, cereal, rice,crakcers, pasta, potatoes, peas, corn, and carrots
dietary fiber
complex carbohydrate found only in plant-based foods; cannot be completely digested, but has many health benefits such as fruits, most vegetables, whole grains (such as whole-wheat bread or brown rice), and nuts.
protein
nutrient the body uses to build and maintain cells and tissues and provide energy; may also act as hormones or enzymes. Meat, poultry, eggs, fish, and dairy products (milk and cheese) are complete protein sources. Amino acids make up all types of protein.
fats
nutrients, largely made up of fatty acids, that provide a valuable source of energy for muscles and help in the absorption and transport of vitamins and nutrients
saturated fats
type of fat found primarily in animal-based foods; are typically solid at room temperature.
unsaturated fats
-type of fat found in plant-based foods; are liquid at room temperature.
trans fat
-type of fat historically found in many processed foods; can also occur naturally in animal-based foods
vitamins
organic nutrients that promote growth and development, help regulate body processes, maintain healthy skin, and help the body release energy
minerals-
-inorganic nutrients absorbed from plants, water, and animal food sources
calories
-units of energy in food.
food allergy
condition in which the body’s immune system reacts to a food as if the food is harmful; sudden symptoms can be caused by tiny amounts of the food
empty calories
units of energy that supply few or no nutrients to the body
malnutrition
form of poor nutrition in which a person does not get or properly absorb the recommended amounts of essential nutrients
Nutrition Facts label
FDA-required label on all packaged foods; contains information about serving size, number of servings, number of calories, amounts of different nutrients, and daily values for nutrients
Daily Values
recommended daily intake amounts for specific nutrients based on a 2,000-calorie eating plan
Body Mass Index (BMI)-
tool used to determine whether a person’s weight is healthy for that person’s height
food additives
substances added to food products to cause desired changes to flavor, shelf life, or other reasons
purging
attempts to rid the body of food.
organic-
produced without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or other artificial chemicals
disordered eating
range of irregular eating behaviors; may or may not lead to diagnosis of a specific eating disorder
eating disorder
mental illness characterized by abnormal eating or disturbances in eating habits
orthorexia
disordered eating pattern characterized by an obsession with healthy eating; leads to negative consequences
Bulimia -
Characterized by recurrent episodes of bingeing and purging
Binge-eating disorder
consuming large amounts of food quickly and feeling out of control
Anorexia-
severely restricted eating behaviors
