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AAWWSS Flashcards

1
Q

With a managed service database, you use the AWS Management Console or AWS Command Line Interface (ACI) to provision a database. What are the 3 different managed database services provided by AWS. What are the two models a database

A
  • Relational database service (RDS) - Relational
  • DynamoDB
  • Redshift

Part #2
Relational database
Nonrelational database

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2
Q

Designed for structured data that contains a defined number of attributes per record. Allows you to perform complex queries against a variety of dimensions, making them ideal for reporting and analytics.

columns are called attributes
row are called records

A

Relational Database

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3
Q

Designed for data that doesn’t follow a predictable structure. Each item must have a primary key and you can query based on that key.

A

NonRelational Database

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4
Q

Structured Query Language (SQL)

A
  • Used in Relational Databases
  • Used to create databases & tables & read and write data. Perform tuning & maintenance tasks.
  • 2 SQL Statements to know:
    1. SELECT Statement: Read & Control data. An application that uses a relational database will execute at least 1 SELECT statement every time data is retrieved.
  1. INSERT Statement: Writes data to a table. When an application writes data to a database, it uses the INSERT statement.
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5
Q

Provide a fast alternative for applications that need to perform tens of thousand of reads and writes per sec. Can handle high transactions and store data that is not well defined. Because of unstructured nature, these databases are said to be schemaless. The only thing you have to define in advance is a primary key to uniquely identify each item. Types of queries you can run however are limited. Query items based on primary key. This type of database is best suited for applications that need to perform just a few well defined queries.

Tables are called Collections
Rows or Records are called an Item

A

Nonrelational (No-SQL) Databases

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6
Q

Managed relational database service. Let’s you provision a number of RDBMSs including Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL and PostgreSQL. Their compute instances are connected to a virtual private cloud (VPC).

A

Relational Database Services (RDS)

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7
Q

Like EC2 instances, RDS instances use this for storage

A

Elastic Block Services (EBS) Volumes

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8
Q

To create an RDS instance, you must choose a database engine that will be installed on your instance. You can only have 1 database engine per instance. RDS supports the following 6 database engines

A
  1. MySQL
  2. MariaDB
  3. Oracle
  4. PostgreSQL
  5. Microsoft SQL Server
  6. Amazon Aurora

—All these database engines are open source or commercially available. However, Amazon Aurora is a proprietary database designed for RDS

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9
Q

Depending on the database engine that you choose, you must choose one of two licensing options

A
  1. License Included: Included in the pricing for each RDS instance.
  2. Bring Your Own License (BYOL): You must provide your own license to operate. This model is only currently available for Oracle.
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10
Q

When you deploy a RDS instance, you must choose a database instance class that defines what

A

the number of virtual CPUs (vCPU), the amount of memory, and the maximum network & storage throughput the instance can support.

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11
Q

The 3 RDS Instance Classes are

A
  1. Standard
    - EBS Optimized, 2-96 vCPU and 8-384 GB memory & will need most application requirements.
  2. Memory Optimized
    - EBS Optimized, B/T 122-3,904 GB memory)- For applications with the most demanding database requirements. Offers the most disk thoroughput and network bandwidth. Last generation instance class.
  3. Burstable Performance
    - 2-8 vCPU and 1-32 GB memory.
    - Used for non-production databases that have minimal performance requirements (for testing or development purposes). Have the lowest network bandwidth and disk throughput.
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12
Q

These RDS Instance Type classes are EBS optimized, they provide dedicated bandwidth for transfers to and from the EBS Storage

A

Standard and Memory Optimized

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13
Q

Refers to changing the way resources are allocated to a specific instance. Choose a more powerful instance type and high IOPS storage

A

Scaling Vertically - choose a more powerful instance type or selecting high IOPS storage.

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14
Q

Measures how fast you can read and write to a volume

A

Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS)

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15
Q

RDS Offers 3 Types of Storage

A
  1. General -Purpose SSD
  2. Provisioned IOPS SSD
  3. Magnetic
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16
Q

The number of IOPS per volume depends on how much storage you allocate. 20 GB to 32 TB. Can achieve a higher number of IOPS through a process called Bursting. During spikes of heavy read or write activity, bursting will kick in automatically and give your volume an added performance boost. Uses EBS

A

General-Purpose SSD (RDS Storage Type)

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17
Q

Allows you to specify the exact number of IOPS that you want to allocate per volume. Call allocate up to 32 TB. Does not offer Bursting. Uses EBS

A

Provisioned IOPS SSD (RDS Storage Type)

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18
Q

Available for backward compatibility with legacy RDS instances. Doesn’t use EBS…You can’t change the size of a magnetic volume after you create it. Limited to 4 TB n size.

A

Magnetic (RDS Storage Type)

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19
Q

With scaling horizontally, you can add additional RDS instances that perform only reads from the database. Beneficial for applications that need to perform a high number of reads. Also useful for running computationally intensive queries, such as monthly or quarterly reports that require reading and processing large amounts of data from the database.

A

Read Replicas

20
Q

In a relational database, only the _____instance can write to the database

A

Master Database

21
Q

With Multi-AZ enables, RDS creates an additional instance called ______. With multi-az enabled, you can expect your database to achieve a monthly availability of 99.95%. With you use Amazon Aurora database engine—there are additional benefits for using Multi-AZ. When you use Aurora, your RDS instances are part of an Aurora cluster and all the instances share a storage volume that’s replicated across 3 different Availability Zones.

A

Standby database instance

22
Q

Good for letting you restore an entire database instance. If your database encounters corruption, Snapshots allow you to recover that data, even if the corruption occurred days ago.

A

Snapshots

23
Q

Designed to keep your database up and running in the event of an instance failure. To achieve this, data is replicated to a secondary instance.

A

Multi-AZ

24
Q

How much data loss you can sustain in the event of a failure

A

The Recovery Point Objective (RPO)

  • –RPO less than 5 min = AZ, Snapshots & Point In Time Recovery.
  • –RPO of 1 hour = Automatic Snapshots & Point In Time Recovery
25
Q

Amazon’s Managed nonrelational database service. Designed for highly transactional applications that need to read from or write to a database tens of thousands of times a second. Good when you need to store a wide variety of data without having to know the nature of the data in advance

  • Unit of Organization/Row = Item
  • Items are stored in Tables
  • -Each table is stored across multiple partitions
  • -Partitions are replicated across multiple AZ in a region
A

DynamoDB

26
Q

In DynamoDB, Each attribute (other key pairs) must have a defined data type, which can be one of the following:

A
  • Scalar Data Type: has only 1 value & can be a string, # , binary data or a Boolean Value.
  • Set Data Type: can have multiple scalar values, but each value must be unique within the set.
  • Document Data Type: is subdivided into 2 subtypes: list and map. Can store values of any type. List documents are ordered whereas map documents are not. Document data types are useful for storing structured data such as IAM policy document stored in JavaScript JSON format.
  1. List
  2. Map
27
Q

The number of partions DynamoBD allocates to your table depends on

A

the number of write capacity units (WCU) and read capacity units (RCU) you allocate to your table.

Increased in transaction volume = increase WCU and increase RCU

28
Q

Nonrelational databases let you quickly retrieve items from a table based on the value of the primary key.

A

..

29
Q

A specialized type of managed relational database called a data warehouse

A

Amazon Redshift

30
Q

Stores large amounts of structured data from other relational databases and allows you to perform complex queries and analysis against that data.

A

data warehouse

-Because they can grow large, they are require alot of storage.

31
Q

To use RedShift you create a cluster consisting of at least one compute node and up to 128 nodes.

  1. ) Use _____ to store up to 326 TB of data on ____.
  2. ) Use _____to store up to 2 PB of data on _____.
A
  1. ) Dense Compute Nodes/Magnetic Disks

2. ) Dense Storage Nodes/SSDs

32
Q

A feature of Redshift that lets you analyze data stored in S3. Data must be structured so that Redshift can understand it.

A

Redshift Spectrum

33
Q
  • Designed for complex arbitrary queries
  • Requires structured data
  • Ideal for reporting and analysis
A

Relational Database

  • These databases allow you to construct almost any query you can imagine. Ex: RDS and can scale horizontally to support a high number of reads by adding read replicas.
34
Q
  • Designed for a few well-defined queries
  • Can store structured or unstructured data
  • Ideal for highly transactional applications
A

Nonrelational Database

-Ex: DynamoDB and these are designed to scale horizontally by spreading your data across more partitions allowing for thousands of reads and writes per second.

35
Q

Designed for structured data that contains a defined number of attributes per record. Perform complex queries against a variety of dimensions, making them ideal for reporting and analytics.

A

Relational Database

36
Q

Designed for data that doesn’t follow a predictable structure. Each item in this type of database must have a primary key and you can query based on that key.

A

Nonrelational Database

37
Q

Allows you to ensure your instances always achieves the storage performance it needs.

A

IOPS SSD Storage

38
Q

With horizontal scaling of RDS, you can only use read replicas

A

dd

39
Q

An RDS Deployment Consists of

A

one instance, instance class, cCPUs and memory for the instance. Also select a database engine. For storage, you must select general purpose or provisioned IOPS SSED. Magnetic storage is a legacy option only. You can also add read replicas to scale horizontally.

40
Q

A dataware housing service for storing and analyzing structured data from multiple sources, including relational databases and S3. Can store more data then RDS up to 2PB.

A

Redshift

41
Q

What type of database stores data in columns and rows

A

Relational database

42
Q

What structured query language (SQL) statements can you use to write data to a relational database table

A

INSERT

43
Q

What is a no-SQL database

A

A schemaless nonrelational database

44
Q

What two databases is Amazon Aurora compatible with

A

MySQL and PostgreSQL

45
Q

What is true regarding a DynamoDB partition

A
  • It’s backed by solid-state drives

- It’s replicated across multiple Availability Zones

46
Q

Which configuration parameters can you adjust to improve write performance against a DynamoDB table

A
  • Increase write capacity units (WCU)

- Enable DynamoDB Auto Scaling

47
Q

Which type of Redshift node uses magnetic storage

A

Dense compute

AWS (10 decks)

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