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Practice Test Review > AAMC Test 1 > Flashcards

AAMC Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

rate of substitution of a secondary alcohol versus a primary alcohol

A
  • the rate of substituted of protonated alcohols is subject to steric hindrance
  • eliminates the ability of nucleophiles to collide with the reacting electrophilic center and slows the rate of the reaction.
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2
Q

if something is injected into a gas liquid chromatograph, the first peak observed in the gc trace is attributable to what?

A
  • whichever exhibits the lowest molecular weight and also the weakest intermolecular forces of attraction
  • this will migrate the fastest and be the first peak in the gas chromatograph.
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3
Q

In determining ester products, how do you know which loses the -OH group

A
  • pick the one that does not exchange with other groups present prior to reaction
  • that will give information about the true identity of the groups
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4
Q

how do enzymes affect chemical reactions?

A
  • the stabilization of the transition state, not the substrate, provides the binding energy that is used to lower the activation energy
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5
Q

is CH3CO2H a strong or a weak acid

A
  • weak
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6
Q

relationship between current, voltage, and resistance?

A
  • V=iR
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7
Q

formula for index of reaction

A

i of r in a medium = speed of light in vacuum/speed of light in the medium

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8
Q

the energy of electromagnetic radiation is directly proportional to

A
  • the number of photons
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9
Q

intensity is defined as

A
  • energy emitted per time
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10
Q

What is T in units

A
  • Tera

- 10^12

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11
Q

energy of a photon

A

E = hc/λ = hf

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12
Q

what is standard atmospheric pressure

A
  • 1 atm
  • 760 mmHg
  • 760 torr
  • 101 kPa
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13
Q

octahedral compounds have how many bonds

A
  • six sigma bonds
  • no lone pairs
  • would d2sp3
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14
Q

what is true of individual molecular volume and intermolecular forces in an ideal gas

A
  • they are negligible
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15
Q

what is the wavelength of light absorbed by a molecule dependent on?

A
  • its structure

- the production of a variety of structurally related opsins functions to enable the detection of different colors.

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16
Q

the main chain linkage of glycogen is what kind of bond

A
  • alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond
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17
Q

beta decay occurs when

A
  • neutron is converted into a proton

- electron is emitted so you increase number of protons by 1

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18
Q

branching occurs through what in glycogen

A
  • an alpha-1,6-glycosidic bond
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19
Q

residue linking occurs through what in glycogen?

A
  • an alpha 1-4-glycosidic bond
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20
Q

when determining which acid will dissociate to the least extent, which do you pick?

A
  • the one with the high negative charge.
21
Q

gamma decay

A
  • emission of photons by the nucleus
22
Q

SI unit for power

A
  • W = J/s= ft*lb/s = kg m^2/s^3
23
Q

how do transmembrane proteins into the endomembrane system?

A
  • docking at the rough ER

- facilitated by a signal sequence

24
Q

what does a nuclear localization signal do?

A
  • permits proteins to enter the nucleus
25
Q

is activity a kinetic or thermodynamic property?

A
  • kinetic
26
Q

free energy is what kind of property

A
  • thermodynamic
27
Q

if something is very hydrophobic, how does it pass through the membrane?

A
  • through simple diffusion
28
Q

what does an ABC transporter do?

A
  • using ATP to actively transport things out of the cell
29
Q

if something is localized in cholesterol rich domains, where is it?

A
  • the lipid raft
30
Q

how can enzymes alter the rate of chemical reactions?

A
  • co-localizing substrates
  • altering local pH
  • altering substrate shape
31
Q

enzymes are what

A
  • catalysts
32
Q

protein levels relate most directly to

A
  • mRNA levels
33
Q

what is unique about erythrocytes?

A
  • they do not contain DNA
34
Q

DNA in prokaryrotes?

A
  • circular

- does not have repetitive, non-coding nucleotide sequences (telomeres) that occur in eukaryotic DNA.

35
Q

effect of glucocorticoids

A
  • act on skeletal muscle to cause the breakdown of muscle proteins
36
Q

secreted proteins are cleaved into mature form where in the cell?

A
  • within the endomembrane system
37
Q

what is the main fuel for brain cells?

A
  • glucose
38
Q

symptoms of diabetes mellitus

A
  • sweet tasting urine
  • unexplained weight loss
  • feelings of fatigue
39
Q

DNA replication is

A
  • semiconservative

- keep half of one weight and half of the other

40
Q

When determining OR in a punnet square?

A
  • x + y - (xy)
41
Q

what does spreading activation suggests?

A
  • when a concept is activated, the activation spreads to concepts that are semantically or associatively related to it.
42
Q

classical conditioning is what type of psychology?

A
  • behaviorist
43
Q

appraisal reflects what?

A
  • cognitive processes
44
Q

the cornea is in direct contact with what?

A
  • the eyelid
45
Q

Selye’s general adaptation syndrome

A
  • people’s response to various stressors is similar
46
Q

cerebellum involved in

A
  • execution of a coordinated motor task
47
Q

social support

A
  • social network ties that provide an individual with various types of assistance which are associated with improving health or reducing harm.
48
Q

group dynamics in terms of stability and intimate

A
  • larger groups more stable

- smaller groups more intimate

49
Q

ethnographic methods

A
  • systematic observation of a complete social environment

Practice Test Review (8 decks)

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