AAMC FL 1

Question 1

An ______ is a functional group containing a carbonyl group linked to a nitrogen atom or any compound containing the amide functional group. Amides are derived from carboxylic acid and an amine. Amide is also the name for the inorganic anion ______.

Answer 1

An amide is a functional group containing a carbonyl group linked to a nitrogen atom or any compound containing the amide functional group. Amides are derived from carboxylic acid and an amine. Amide is also the name for the inorganic anion NH2.

Question 2

In organic chemistry, _______ are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.

Answer 2

In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.

Question 3

An ______ is a compound containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon [type of bond] to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain.

Answer 3

An aldehyde is a compound containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain.

Question 4

________ is the phrase used to denote when a reaction is prevented from occurring because the nucleophile and electrophile bump into one another rather than reacting.

It is the major barrier for an ____ reaction.

Answer 4

Steric hindrance is the phrase used to denote when a reaction is prevented from occurring because the nucleophile and electrophile bump into one another rather than reacting.

Steric hindrance is the big barrier for the SN2 reaction.* Remove it, and speed up the reaction. How do we do this? Make the carbon smaller. Remove alkyl groups and replace them with hydrogens. The rate of reaction drastically increases.

Question 5

Index of refraction of a medium=

Answer 5

higher density medium=higher refractive index

Question 6

The energy of electromagnetic radiation is directly proportional to the number of _______, and the ______ of electromagnetic radiation is defined as energy emitted per unit time. Thus, _______ is directly proportional to the number of ______ emitted.

Answer 6

The energy of electromagnetic radiation is directly proportional to the number of photons, and the intensity of electromagnetic radiation is defined as energy emitted per unit time. Thus, intensity is directly proportional to the number of photons emitted.

Question 7

micro

Answer 7

1x10^-6

Question 8

nano

Answer 8

1x10^-9

Question 9

Tera

Answer 9

1x10¹²

Question 10

Standard Pressure in mmHg

Answer 10

760 mmHg

Question 11

The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are ____, ______, ______ in eukaryotes, and also ______ in prokaryotes and plants (though it is now known to be common in humans). These phosphorylations play important and well-characterized roles in _______ and _________.

Answer 11

The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, tyrosine in eukaryotes, and also histidine in prokaryotes and plants (though it is now known to be common in humans). These phosphorylations play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism.

Question 12

The high number of _______ in the body means that the total cross-sectional area of these vessels is larger than any other vessel type in the circulatory system. This causes the velocity of the blood to ________.

Answer 12

The high number of capillaries in the body means that the total cross-sectional area of these vessels is larger than any other vessel type in the circulatory system. This causes the velocity of the blood to decrease.

Question 13

Which types of orbitals of the central atom are involved in bonding in octahedral compounds?

Answer 13

d² sp³

Question 14

A _____is involved in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.

Answer 14

A lipase is involved in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.

Question 15

The main chain linkage of glycogen consists of ____glycosidic bonds.

Answer 15

The main chain linkage of glycogen consists of α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Question 16

Alpha Decay: Mass number is _______,

Atomic number is ________.

Answer 16

Alpha decay or α-decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or ‘decays’ into a different atomic nucleus, with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is reduced by two.

Question 17

Beta (+) Decay: comes from a nucleus with too many _____. In this type of decay, a _____ from the nucleus is transformed into a neutron and a positron (which is simply a “positive version” of the electron). To ensure rules of particle physics hold, a tiny particle known as a ______ is also released.

Answer 17

Beta plus decay comes from a nucleus with too many protons. In this type of decay, a proton from the nucleus is transformed into a neutron and a positron (which is simply a “positive version” of the electron). To ensure rules of particle physics hold, a tiny particle known as a neutrino is also released.

Question 18

Beta (-) Decay: a _____ is converted to a proton, and the process creates an electron and an electron _____.

Mass number _____, atomic number ______ by one.

Answer 18

In Beta minus decay, a neutron is converted to a proton, and the process creates an electron and an electron antineutrino.

Mass number stays the same, atomic number increases by one.

Question 19

Electron Capture: an electron in an atom’s inner shell is drawn into the nucleus where it combines with a proton, forming a neutron and a _____. The ______ is ejected from the atom’s nucleus.

Mass number ______, atomic number ______ by 1.

Answer 19

Electron Capture is where an electron in an atom’s inner shell is drawn into the nucleus where it combines with a proton, forming a neutron and a neutrino. The neutrino is ejected from the atom’s nucleus.

Mass number stays the same, atomic number decreases by 1.

Question 20

Gamma decay is a type of radioactivity in which some unstable atomic nuclei dissipate excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process. In the most common form of gamma decay, known as gamma emission, gamma rays (_____, or packets of electromagnetic energy, of extremely short wavelength) are radiated.

Mass # and atomic # _________.

Answer 20

Gamma decay is a type of radioactivity in which some unstable atomic nuclei dissipate excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process. In the most common form of gamma decay, known as gamma emission, gamma rays (photons, or packets of electromagnetic energy, of extremely short wavelength) are radiated.

Mass # and atomic # stay the same.

Question 21

_________ occurs through an α-1,6-glycosidic bond in glycogen

Answer 21

Branching occurs through an α-1,6-glycosidic bond in glycogen

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Give the Thin Lens Equation

Answer 23

Question 24

The fact that a new solid forms when Al(s) is mixed with Zn²⁺(aq), indicates it is reasonable to assume that Al(s) is more susceptible to ________ than Zn(s).

Answer 24

The fact that a new solid forms when Al(s) is mixed with Zn²⁺(aq), indicates it is reasonable to assume that Al(s) is more susceptible to oxidation than Zn(s).

Question 25

Ohm’s Law Equation

Answer 25

V=IR