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AAC > AAC TERMINOLOGIES > Flashcards

AAC TERMINOLOGIES Flashcards

1
Q

Representation of the idea through unaided and/or aided means

A

Symbols

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2
Q

Assistive devices or means to transmit and/or receive messages

A

AIDS (Devices)

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3
Q

Productivity and efficiency of message transmission

A

Strategies

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4
Q

Access and choices of messages

A

Techniques

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5
Q

“something” that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention

A

Symbols

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6
Q

Symbols that need external tools to produce messages

A

Aided Symbols

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7
Q

T or F:
Aided Symbols requires an external aid or assistive communication device to display and transmit

A

True

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8
Q

What are the 4 perceptual characteristics?

A

Complexity, Degree of ambiguity, Perceptual distinctness, and Size

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9
Q

Refers to the degree to which an individual perceives the relationship between a symbol and its referent

A

Iconicity

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of iconicity?

A

Transparent icons, translucent, and opaque

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11
Q

What are the 4 linguistic capacity?

A

Nonlinguistic, Prelinguistic (Symbol set), Prelinguistic (Transitionary symbol system), and Linguistic

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12
Q

Symbols that do not possess any inherent linguistic characteristics

A

Nonlinguistic

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13
Q

Inherent linguistic characteristics (with limitations) in the form of internal logic

A

Prelinguistic: Symbol Set

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14
Q

More defined but unsophisticated linguistic characteristic in the form of internal logic

A

Prelinguistic: Transitionary Symbol System

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15
Q

T or F:
In Linguistic, unlimited communication is possible

A

True

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16
Q

A physical attribute wherein, symbols produced a synthetic speech through speech- generating devices (SGDs)

A

Acoustic

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17
Q

A physical attribute wherein, it is Object-based symbols

A

Three-Dimensional

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18
Q

A physical attribute wherein, Symbols that require movement to assist in conveying meaning

A

Animated

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19
Q

Two-Dimensional symbols can be categorized into 2:

A

static and kinetic

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20
Q

Three-dimensional symbols are often object-based symbols and include ________, _________, and _________ and __________.

A

real objects, miniature objects, and tangible and textured symbols

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21
Q

What are the 4 examples under 2 dimensional symbols that posesses the dimensions of height and width but not depth?

A

Photograph
Generic Line Drawing
Emoji
Clipart

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21
Q

What is the difference between partial and associated objects?

A

Partial: part of the referent that share the same feature

Associated: related to the referent

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22
Q

What are the 4 examples of animated symbols - 2 dimensional symbols that require movement to assist in conveying meaning?

A

Animated Graphics (AAG)
Dynasyms
Autism Language Program
Library of International Picture Symbols

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23
Q

Are not just a group of pictures or visual symbols but a visual language system organized semantically with strategies for picturing concepts with categories having common shapes and colors

A

Dynasyms

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24
Q

What is the ultimate goal of imagine symbols?

A

to develop symbols that could easily be learned by people with cognitive and/or other disabilities.

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25
Q

Are flexibly customizable, interactive, and highly stimulating, allowing for a range of human computer user interactions available by design in association with each icon

A

Lingraphica Concept-Images

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26
Q

These symbols aim was to develop a symbol corpus that was free of cost, and in fact, these symbols are free to use based on the creative commons license terms

A

Mulberry Symbols

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27
Q

Are symbols (i.e., pictographic images) initially created focusing on helping people with aphasia

A

Participics

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28
Q

Where can pics for picture exchange communication system can be used?

A

to create printed communication boards, schedules, literacy activities, visual supports, and overlays for SGDs.

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29
Q

What are Makaton Symbols

A

In appearance, they are black line drawing easy to interpret as they look like that they represent and can be easily drawn on white boards with markers during free-flowing spontaneous communication

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30
Q

What is the most commonly used aided symbol sets in the world?

A

Picture Communication Symbols

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31
Q

Approach where the user learns the rules that govern the symbols so knowledge can be applied to understanding novel symbols

A

Widgit Symbols

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32
Q

What does plus and minus in widgit symbols denotes?

A

morphological symbols of language

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33
Q

Highest in aided symbols

A

Linguistic Symbols

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34
Q

What are the 4 potential issues with aided symbols?

A

Polysemy
Intrinsic Factors
Sequentiality
Iconicity

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35
Q

These are symbols that does not require aid or assistive communication device to display and transmit message

A

Unaided Symbols

36
Q

Thse are also referred to as presymbolic symbols

A

nonlinguistic symbols

37
Q

Any behavior that another person interpret as meaningful and may include a range of behaviors such as changes in respiration, body movement, vocalization, eye gaze, facial expression, and/or problem behavior

A

Potential Communicative Acts

38
Q

What are gestures?

A

Actions produced primarily with the fingers, hands, and arms (ex. upper extremities) but can include facial features and full body movements

39
Q

What are the 5 gesture types by McNeill’s Gesture Development (1992)?

A

Beats
Iconics
Metaphorics
Cohesive
Deictics

40
Q

Involves the representational thinking skill—the ability to hold an image of something in mind when the person, place, object, or activity is removed in space and/or time.

A

Linguistic Symbols (Unaided symbols)

41
Q

The simultaneous presentation of ______ and ______ was intended to make spoken language structures more visually transparent, and hence, easier for deaf children to understand and acquire.

A

manual sign and speech

42
Q

We reserve the term “_________” for gestures that are used in a systematic and consistent way in communication.

A

manual sign

43
Q

What is the purpose of Makaton?

A

to develop a person’s spoken output in combination with other AAC support

44
Q

What is commonly used for multi-modal communication?

A

Makaton

45
Q

What are 4 issues with unaided symbols?

A

Motor Ability/Control
Cultural Considerations
Visual Access to Gesture/ Manual Signs
Iconicity

46
Q

Devices that have synthetic or digitized speech output

A

Speech Generating Devices

47
Q

Visual display from which they select symbols. These include simple letter boards, symbols boards, etc.

A

Communication Boards

48
Q

What are the 2 physical elements to remember in Nonspeech Generating Devices?

A

Symbols (the means to represent) and Displays (the means to transmit)

49
Q

These symbols can be held in the hands, shown to a communication partner, and handed over as a communicative act.

A

Tactile Symbols

50
Q

What is the difference between dedicated and integrated devices?

A

Dedicated devices: designed specifically to operate as a communication aid

Integrated devices: allows for use as a traditional computer complete with internet access and software apps that perform tasks unrelated to the production of speech

51
Q

Words that carry the main meaning of the utterance (e.g. words for people, actions, objects, places, questions)

A

Content Words

52
Q

Words that provide structure to our sentences (e.g. articles, conjunctions, prepositions)

A

Function Words

53
Q

Vocabulary words and messages that are specific or unique to the individual

A

Personalized Vocabulary

54
Q

What is core vocabulary?

A

Words that are relatively common and relatively frequently used by a variety of individuals in different situations

55
Q

What are function words?

A

There are words that will occur only in relation to specific activities, contexts, places, topics, and demographic groups

56
Q

Messages that have important timing equipments (time-sensitive messages) are usually stored and retrieved in their entirety

A

Timing Enhancement

57
Q

______________ are words or messages that occur so frequently and are so lengthy that the use of an encoding strategy is used for retrieval

A

Acceleration vocabularies

58
Q

Informants are simply asked to record potential vocabulary items for the individual

A

Blank Sheet

59
Q

Provision of informants with ideas about potential vocabulary words from which to choose

A

Vocabulary Checklists

60
Q

Checking the user’s interest, frequency of use to determine vocabularies

A

Setting Priorites

61
Q

__________ grid displays organize symbols based on the parts of the speech; Use of Fitzgerald Key

A

Semantic-Syntactic

62
Q

Organization of vocabulary schematic is also referred as ___. This is when the arrangement of symbols on separate pages by events, activities, or routines

A

activity grid display

63
Q

Organization of symbols through generic categories is called ____.

A

Taxonomic arrangement

64
Q

Vocabulary concepts are organized according to the activities, routines, and events within which these concepts are learned and used

A

Visual Scene Displays

65
Q

T or F:
Scanning or indirect selection require less steps for activation

A

False

66
Q

This involves identifying a group of representations and then eliminating options gradually until a final selection is made

A

Group-Item Scanning

67
Q

Cursor moves when the user activates the device; selection will happen when the device (i.e. switch) is released

A

Directed (Inverse) Scanning

68
Q

One to one correspondence of cursor movement and switch movement and switch activation; selection happens when you stop activating the device

A

Step Scanning

69
Q

Cursor moves automatically; selection happens when you press the device (i.e. switch)

A

Automatic (Regular or Interrupted) Scanning

70
Q

Under voice output, _____ is a time-sampled replication of actual human speech

A

Digitized

71
Q

What does synthesized do? (under voice output)

A

Translate the user’s input (choosing letters, words, or symbols) into computer-generated speech generated speech

72
Q

What is direct selection?

A

User has direct control over and access to the communication tool that is used

73
Q

Direct selection has a one-to-one relationship between the _______ and the __________.

A

motor act and resultant selection

74
Q

Identification of the item on display and sustain contact with a predetermined time for activation

A

Timed activation

75
Q

Identification of an item on display, sustain contact with a predetermined time for activation, and selection happens after you release the symbol

A

Release activation

76
Q

What is Filtered or Averaged Activation?

A

Activation through selection of the general area of the item, instead of the item itself

77
Q

What are the 3 primary puposes of strategies that are according to Beukulman and Mirenda (1998)?

A
  1. To enhance message timing
  2. To assist grammatical formulation of messages
  3. To enhance communication rates
78
Q

A strategy often used to to store complete words, phrases, or sentences in AAC technology and to assign a code of some type to the stored message to retrieve the entire word or message

A

Encoding

79
Q

Prediction involves a _______________ in which options are offered to an individual with complex communication needs according to the portion of a word or message that has already been formulated.

A

dynamic retrieval process

80
Q

Abbreviation of words according to the first few letters

A

Truncation Codes

81
Q

T or F: In salient letter codes, initial letters of the salient words are used for encoding

A

True

81
Q

What are contraction codes?

A

Inclusion of the most salient letters

82
Q

In letter category codes what does the first and second letter refers to?

A

First letter refers to the Category folder

Second letter refers to the specific messages

83
Q

A popular encoding technique that utilizes iconic codes, specifically combinations of symbols (line drawings)

A

Minspeak or semantic compaction

84
Q

Predicted words can be listed below the cursor, or can be displayed in a window above the keyboards

A

Word prediction

84
Q

Message construction can be supported using statistical and syntactic knowledge of written language to predict (anticipate) the next character/word/phrase.

A

Language Prediction

85
Q

Storing whole phrases, sentences, and paragraphs in AAC systems, which can be made available to the person using prediction based on context-appropriate prediction and rules of pragmatics or by structuring the content appropriately

A

Message prediction

AAC (4 decks)

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