AAA

Question 1

define AAA

Answer 1

dilation of the abdominal aorta to at least 1.5 times the expected size of the AP diameter for the individual

Question 2

what are some risk factors for AAA

Answer 2

increasing age
M>F
genetic predisposition
connective tissue disorder
COPD
HTN
hyperlipidaemia
central obesity

Question 3

what are the different management options for an AAA on detection

Answer 3

if > 5.5 cm or >4cm and rapidly growing will be surgically fixed
if not in these criteria then it will have annual monitoring and lifestyle modification

Question 4

what is the surgical intervention for an elective AAA repaire

Answer 4

endovascular abdominal aortic aneurism repair

Question 5

initial management of ruptured AAA

Answer 5

fast scan
gain IV access
analgesia and fluids
massive haemorrhage protocol
baseline bloods + cross match/ group and save
ABG
ECG

Question 6

what may you find on ABG of ruptures AAA

Answer 6

metabolic acidosis
due to circulatory failure
causes net aerobic state which increases production of lactic acid

Question 7

what is the further management options of ruptured AAA

Answer 7

discuss with vascular surgeon for urgent vascular repair
conitnue resus fluids or bloods
supplementary oxygen

Question 8

what is a complication which can arise from massive blood transfusion

Answer 8

ARDS
pulmonary oedema by systemic inflammatory response
which impairs gas exchange
requires supportive treatment and mechanical ventillation