AA's Flashcards
What do the 13th, 14th and 15th amendment entail
13th- emancipation
14th - citizen rights
15th - voting rights for AA men
what were the 3 suggestions made about dealing with freed slaves
1)former slaves leave the US #
2)AA’s given same rights as white
3)sharecropping
what were Andrew johnson’s aims and what did he achieve
to return to normality asap
Johnson passed the black codes
What issue was Johnson most focused on
The state of the union took priority over the rights of AA’s
what was the hayes tilden compromise
Hayes and Tilden fought for position of president and Hayes became president through catering to the south
What were the repercussions of this compromise
states rights were authorised which meant that states could alter their own laws but still had to loosely follow the constitution
what did states rights lead to
the creation of the black codes
what were the Black codes
Meant that AA’s couldn’t compete with Whites for work, its purpose was to ensure that AA’s couldn’t compete with whites economically
What did the black codes allow states to do
Gave states the right to punish vagrants
return vagrants and former slaves to forced labour and Whites could attack AA’s unpunished
Was congress in favour of black rights
Yes( to a certain extent)
How were congress in favour of black rights
They enforced the 13th,14th and 15th ammendments
What are radical republicans (name the two)
republicans who strongly opposed slavery and were highly in support of AA’s
charles sumner and thaddeus stevens
In what ways were congress not supportive of AA rights
after the Hayes tilden compromise congress wasn’t as vocal in defending
why did the government stop promoting civil rights after 1877
supreme court and state governments went in separate directions.
What did states rights allow
southern states ignored reconstruction legislation, northern troops withdrew
what two things prohibited AA’s from voting
Literacy tests
Grandfather clause
US V Harris(1883)
ruled that private discrimination didn’t fall under federal jurisdiction
Williams v Mississippi(1898)
Grandfather clause and literacy tests not unconstitutional
Plessy v Ferguson(1892)
separate but equal
Brown v Topeka(1951)
segregation became unconstitutional
Smith v Alwright(1923)
illegal to stop AA’s from voting
Boynton v Virginia(1960)
segregation on interstate busses deemed unconstitutional
Alexander v Holmes(1969)
Insisted on rapid desegregation of schools
Swann v Charlotte(1954)
enforced desegregation through busing schools
Griggs v Duke(1971)
protected AA’s from discrimination in the workplace
role of Andrew Johnson
vetoed CRA(1866) and first reconstruction act, was
role of Andrew Johnson
vetoed CRA(1866) and first reconstruction act, was
role of Ulysses S Grant
co-operated with congress, promoted 14th and 15th amendments, allowed discrimination for support of the south
role of FDR
Created the new deal which aided Whites and AA’s after great depression.
civilian conservation corps(1933) gave work to unemployed
FDR pt2
fair labour standard act(1938) gave weekly standard wage but excluded most AA’s as was only for agriculture
was forced by Phillip Randolph march of 100,000 men to end discrimination in the war
role of Truman
pressured by Randolph to sign executive order 9981
praised for support of AA civil rights but didn’t create as much legislation as previous presidents
role of Eisenhower
created CRA(1957) to reinforce AA’s ability to vote
sent troops to little rock to reinforce Swann v charlotte verdict despite CRA(1957) only 28% of voteable AA’s voted
role of JFK
prepared civil rights bill(1963) before his assasination
He pushed AA civil rights to the forefront
role of Booker T
Believed in AA self improvement through education and proving worth
Believed political civil rights should be abandoned to avoid white hostility, recieved $600,000 in bonds from Andrew Carnegie
Impact of Booker T
use of white cooperation later in the 1960’s inspired by Booker T
Created Tuskegee university(1881) which created 23,866 AA teachers, 417 doctors and 300 lawyers
role of Ida B Wells
she sued a railroad company for throwing her off a first class train with a valid ticket and won in federal court but lost at supreme court due to their support of segregation. bought shares in newspaper company to expose lynching’s
Impact of Ida B Wells
formed alpha suffrage club (1913) - encouraged AA women to vote
This helped first AA congressman Oscar de priest get elected.
Du Bois excluded her from becoming a founder of NAACP
Role of du bois
“why did God make me a stranger and an outcast in my own house.”
created ‘souls of Black folk’ where he attacks Booker T’s ideology
created talented tenth of top 10% of AA’s, spoke out about 1700 lynchings
impact of Du Bois
created Niagara movement (1905) laid foundation for NAACP and shifted to pan - Africanism
Helped organise silent march(first major mass demonstration by AA’s) in 1917 in response to the race riots were 50-200 AA’s were murdered. he shifted attention to publicise AA civil rights
role of Marcus Garvey
set up Universal Negro Improve Association in 1912 claiming to have 4 million members and wanted to create the black star to trade with Africans worldwide, strong believer in pan-Africanism
opposed du bois.
planned for 12 million AA’s to go to liberia but died before
impact of garvey
‘Africa for the Africans’ and glorification of Africanism prefigured Black Power, attracted mass support
role of Phillip Randolph
union organiser for AA’s
pressured FDR to end war discrimination
Impact of Randolph
understood nonviolent mass demonstrations using marches to pressure govt influencing later protests.
