AA/Protein Structure/Basics Flashcards
What are the three main components of an amino acid?
Amino Group(NH3+), Carboxyl group(COO-), and a R group
Which amino acid is not optically active?
Glycine
Which form(L or D) is found in eukaryotic proteins?
L form
What are the three structural classifications of proteins?
Globular, Fibrous, Transmembrane
Define globular structure
Compact proteins stabilized by hydrophobic interactions(Mb, Hb)
Define fibrous structure
Geometrically linear and have repeating unit structure(collagen, elastin)
Define transmembrane structure
Regions of protein span the lipid bilayer(Adenyl cyclase)
Bond hybridization results in peptide bonds being ___ and almost always ____
Planar; trans
HbC disease definition
Hemoglobin C disease(mild version of Sickle cell anemia), where the mutation goes from Glutamate to Lysine
What are ionic interactions?
Electrostatic interactions between charged species
What are dipole interactions?
Electrostatic interactions between uncharged, but polar molecules
What are Van der waals interactions?
Weak interactions between all atoms
What is the hydrophobic effect?
Complex phenomenon associated with the ordering of water molecules around nonpolar substances
Which common liquid has the highest heat of vaporization?
Water
T/F: If Carbonyl is located at C1, it is an ketose
False, it would be an aldehyde
What is the simplest carb?
Aldotriose(Glyceraldehyde)
What are epimers?
Monosaccharides that differ around one specific Carbon atom
Two examples of epimers
C-2: Glucose and Mannose
C-4: Glucose and Galactose
What are stereoisomers?
Differ in spatial arrangement, not connectivity
Difference between enantiomers and diastereomers
Enantiomers have identical physical and chemical properties, diastereomers differ in BOTH.
What classification of stereoisomers would you give D and L glucose?
Enantiomers
What is the sterocenter that caused the massive defect in usage of Thalidomide?
The Carbon that connects with the nitrogen from the 5-member ring
Which form of thalidomide was lethal?
R-thalidomide, which was a teratogen that caused birth defects
How are glycosidic bonds formed?
Reaction of the first carbon from cyclic compound with the OH group of a second monosaccharide
What is an example of an amino sugar?
Glucosamine–substitutes a hydroxyl group for an amino group
What are the five classifications of lipids?
Energy-storage, Membrane, Emulsification, Messenger, Protective coating
