AA Flashcards
TP Payment Period
TP/Credit purchases * 365
inventory Turn over
COS/Inventory
Net Asset Turnover
Revenue/Capital Employed
Gearing Ratio
Net debt/equity
Quick ratio
(rec+current inv + cash)/liabilities
Return on SH Funds
Net profit for period/(Share cap+Reserves)
ROCE
PBIT/(Equity + net debt)
Business Risk
Risk resulting from significant conditions, events, circumstances, actions or inactions that could affect entities ability to achieve objectives and strategies or setting inappropriate objectives or strategies
Inherent Risk
Risk faced by client that balance/transaction/disclosure has error that is material either individually or in aggregate
Inherent Risk Factors
Complexity,
Subjectivity,
Change.
Uncertainty
Bias/other fraud risk
Non-Sampling risk
Possibility of coming to wrong conclusion about the FS for non-sampling reasons:
- Not understanding nature
- using invalid techniques or making inappropriate conclusions
- failure to investigate a class of assets/liabilities/transactions
Integrity
Being straightforward and honest in all professional and business relationships
Directors responsibilities CA 2006
Safeguard Assets
Maintain books and records
Prepare and deliver FS (accounting policies, judgement, compliance, going concern)
Comply with laws and regulations
Auditors Responsibility CA 2006
Give an independent opinion on T&F of FS
Give opinion on whether FS prepared in accordance with CA 2006
State in opinion information in SR and DR is consistent with FS
Review of work - features
Consider if done in line with audit strategy
Performed in accordance with professional standards, regulation and legal requirements
significant matters raised for further consideration
Appropriate conversations had and conclusions documented and implemented
the need to revise nature, timing and extent
whether work supports conclusions
SAE to support report
Objective of procedures achieved§
Considerations when tendering
Quality of service could provide
knowledge of business
experience of industry
proposed personnel on team
reference obtained
location, size and culture
Cold review if failure identified
Communicate finding in firm
additional training and professional development
change to policies and procedures
disciplinary actions if repeated failure to comply with firm requirements
Who completes a Cold review
Process - partners review each others work
by team specifically contracted to conduct reviews
By qualified external consultant
Hot review considerations
Independence
SR identified and responses
Judgements made
Consultation on issues
Significant corrected/uncorrected misstatements
Matters to be communicated to the client
whether documentation supports conclusion
appropriateness of proposed report
Supervision features ISA 220
Progress tracking
consider competence and capabilities
address significant audit matters arising
identify matters for consultation and consideration by more experienced team members during the audit
ISCQ1 - EP allocate appropriate staff with:
Understanding of and practical experience with similar engagements
understanding of relevant professional and legal requirements
knowledge of industry
technical knowledge
ability to apply professional judgement
understanding of QC procedures and policy
Engagement Partner & Staff allocations re clients
Clients informed of EP identity
EP capable, competent, has authority and time to perform role
Responsibilities EP clearly defined and communicated to the team
ISQC 1 - HR
Employ and retain appropriate staff
recruitment
performance evaluation
capabilities
competence
development
promotion
compensation
ISQC 1 - Quality Control System
Leadership responsibilities for quality
Ethical requirements
acceptance and continuance HR
Engagement Performance
Monitoring
Quality control procedures
Only suitable clients taken on and retained
partners and staff have necessary knowledge and competence
ethical guidance
communication skills
briefing and supervising skills
professional skepticism and judgement
monitoring
Basis for fee disclosed and determined with reference to
Seniority and experience of team
time spent
risk and responsibility of work
nature of business and complexity
priority and importance of work
expenses incurred
Acceptance Considerations
Risk analysis
Ethical issues
sufficient experience and resources
legal requirements regarding appointment and removal are met
PC and DC
Duty to maintain professional knowledge and skill and ensure deliver competent professional service
act diligently and in accordance with applicable technical professional standards
Objectivity
not allow bias conflict of interest undue influence of others to override professional judgement
Current Ratio
CA/CL
Net margin
PBIT/Revenue
Gross profit %
Gross profit/revenue
audit risk
risk auditor expresses inappropriate audit opinion when FS are MM
= ROMM * DR
ROMM = IR*CR
Detection RIsk
Risk procedures do not detect misstatement that exists and could be material alone or in aggregate
Sampling risk
Risk that conclusions drawn from a sample are different than if had looked at entire population
Confidentiality
Respect confidentiality of information acquired and do not disclose to third parties without proper authority and do not use for personal gain
Professional behaviour
comply with relevant laws and regulations and avoid action that discredits professiong
audit threshold
2/3
employees < 50
Rev < 10.2m
Gross Assets <5.1m
Interest Cover
PBI / Interest
Operating Cost %
Operating Cost / revenue
COS %
COS / Revenue
Control Risk
Risk that a misstatement could occur material alone or in aggregate and will not be prevented or detected and corrected
Significant risk
ROMM - either
Auditor judges IR close to upper end of spectrum (likelihood or impact)
Required to tread as SR by ISA
Materiality RAP
Revenue 0.5-1%
Assets 1-2%
PBT 5-10%
TR collection Period
TR/Rev * 365
Threats MASSIF Co
Management
Advocacy
Self Interest
Self review
Intimidation
Familiarity
Conflict of interest
Consequences of issuing wrong opinion
Want to avoid litigation
Reputational damage
Pay damages
Lose clients
Liability Limitation
Become LLP
Agree liability cap – max amount – fair reasonable and approved by SH
Proportional liability agreement apportioning blame between guilty partners
Bannerman paragraph – report for company members only and no other party (liability disclaimer)
Have to do:
- Get PI insurance
- Clarify responsibilities in audit report and engagement letter
Reduce liability – less likely to get sued as reduces expectation gap
Could also do a good job – less likely to get sued