A8 Flashcards
The purpose of the Mental Capacity Act (2005)
safeguard and support individuals over the age of 16, who may lack the mental capacity to make choices about their own treatment or care
The key principles of the Care Act 2014
EMPOWERMENT
individuals should be supported to make their own decisions based on best possible information
The key principles of the Care Act 2014
PROTECTION
service users who are in greatest need of support and protection
The key principles of the Care Act 2014
PREVENTION
better to take action before harm occurs
The key principles of the Care Act 2014
PROPORTIONALITY
actions should be proportionate to the risk: being overprotective can disadvantage service users to be able to make their own decisions
The key principles of the Care Act 2014
PARTNERSHIP
working with a range of professionals, groups and communities to prevent, detect and report neglect or abuse
The key principles of the Care Act 2014
ACCOUNTABILITY
healthcare and social care professionals need to be accountable for any activities in relation to
safeguarding
What is the role of regulatory bodies:
Care Quality Commission (CQC)
▪ independent regulator, with independent voice, which is able to publish views on issues in health and care services
▪ ensure health and care services provide people with safe, effective, compassionate, high quality care
▪ focus on how services can improve
▪ register providers
▪ monitor, inspect and rate service
▪ can take action (including recommendations, fines, legal action and closing services) to protect people who use services
Role of Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
▪ national independent regulator for health and safety in the workplace, including public and private healthcare services
▪ ensure health and safety standards and regulations are adhered to
▪ inspect health and care workplaces following health and safety incidents of a nonclinical nature
▪ improve health and safety in workplaces
Role of General Dental Council (GDC)
▪ UK wide statutory regulator
▪ protect an individual’s safety
▪ maintain public confidence in dental services
▪ register qualified professionals
▪ set standards for dental team
▪ investigate complaints about dental professionals’ fitness to practise
▪ ensure quality of dental education
Role of Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)
▪ professional regulator of nurses and midwives in the UK
▪ ensure that professionals have the knowledge and skills to deliver consistent, quality care that keeps people safe
▪ set the education standards professionals must achieve to practice in the UK
▪ register professionals
▪ expect registered professionals to uphold the standards and behaviours set out in the NMC code
▪ promote self-reflection and evaluation of practice to improve services and encourage lifelong learning of professionals
▪ can investigate reported incidents and take action
Role of Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC)
▪ regulate a range of health-related professionals including occupational therapists, prosthetists, orthotists, speech language therapists, dietitians and physiotherapists
▪ set standards for professionals’ education, training and practice
▪ register qualified professionals who meet required standards
▪ can take action if professionals on the register do not meet standards
Role of Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted)
▪ responsible for regulating children homes under the Care Standards Act (CSA) 2000 where regulated activities take place (for example providing personal care)
▪ requirement to register with the CQC where regulated activities take place
Role of Information Commissioners Office (ICO)
▪ promote and support information rights in the public interest, encouraging transparency and data privacy for individuals
▪ carry out audits and advisory visits across health organisations in relation to personal data
Key values of the healthcare sector when providing care and support: NHS CORE VALUES
- NHS core values (from NHS constitution):
o compassion
o improving lives
o respect and dignity
o commitment to quality of care
o working together for patients
o everyone counts
Key values of the healthcare sector when providing care and support: 6 PRINCIPLES (PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES)
6 principles produced by the People and Communities Board:
o care and support are person-centred (being personalised, coordinated and empowering)
o services are created in partnership with citizens and communities
o focus is on equality and narrowing inequalities
o carers are identified, supported and involved
o voluntary, community and social enterprise and housing sectors are involved as key partners and enablers
o volunteering and social action are recognised as key enablers
Purpose of the Personalisation Agenda 2012
to put the individual first in the process of planning, developing and providing care.
Creating tailored support to the individual needs and desires when treating those with long term
illnesses and conditions
Why is it important to use holistic approaches
for individuals (and their carers etc) at the centre of their care an
support?
o ensuring that any care provided is in the individual’s best interest
o complying with autonomous practice
o encouraging engagement with healthcare and social care professionals and organisations
What are holistic approaches?
o person-centred planning (PCP)
o person-centred care (PCC)
o hierarchy of the individual’s needs (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory)
o advanced care planning (for example end of life care)
o integrated working
o Do Not Resuscitate directive (DNR)
Range of verbal and nonverbal communication techniques
o verbal (for example spoken word and sound)
o nonverbal (for example gestures, facial expression, body language, Makaton and British Sign
Language)
Communication barriers
o sensory disorder (for example speech, hearing or sight)
o mental health condition
o language barriers (for example jargon, spoken language or accents)
o time pressures
o noisy environment
o positioning of the individual from the healthcare professional (for example proximity)
o tension or conflict
Overcoming barriers to communication
o actively listen to the individual about their communication needs/preferences
o active involvement from the individual in how/when/where and in which way they are communicated to meet their needs
o access to information that is understandable to the particular individual
o choice of communication aids or supports that match the needs and preferences of the individual
o access to a range of support options and choice given to individual
5 principles included in the Mental Capacity Act 2005
o begin by assuming the individual has capacity
o support individuals to make decisions
o recognise that unwise decisions do not mean lack of capacity
o decisions must be taken in individual’s best interest
o consider whether a decision can be made in a way that is less restrictive of an individual’s
freedom
Liberty Protection Safeguards (LPS)
o the person lacks the capacity to consent to care arrangements
o the person has a mental disorder
o the arrangements are necessary to prevent harm for the individual
o the arrangements must be proportionate to the likelihood and severity of harm
considerations when providing person-centred care to people with pre-existing conditions or living with illness
- conditions or illnesses:
o medical conditions (for example cancer)
o neurological conditions (for example dementia)
o physical disabilities (for example a wheelchair user) - considerations:
o social model of disability and inclusion
o ongoing treatments
o overall wellbeing
o follow the person-centred plan
o co-morbidity and the impact on the individual and their family
o assessment of need
o discharge planning
o mental capacity
o individual’s rights and wishes (for example advocacy)
o access to community provision
o access to additional secondary services (for example counselling)
o financial circumstances
o carer’s assessment (for example support for informal carers)
How do mental health conditions (dementia and learning disabilities) influence a person’s needs and overall care
INCREASED SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS
- increased support requirements:
o physical support requirements (for example care support worker)
o communication support requirements
o reduced ability to self-care
o increased monitoring requirements (for example from specific healthcare and social care
professionals)
o behaviour support (for example recognition of triggers that raise anxiety)
o support for social inclusion
How do mental health conditions (dementia and learning disabilities) influence a person’s needs and overall care
BEHAVIORAL FACTORS
behavioural factors:
o behaviour that challenges (for example violence or aggression)
How do mental health conditions (dementia and learning disabilities) influence a person’s needs and overall care
COMPREHENSION FACTORS
comprehension factors:
o anxiety around care
o lack of understanding of the care to be provided
o impaired rationality around the condition or support requirements
o dissociative conditions
o awareness of possible abuse
o refusal of treatment
o perceived stigma attached to conditions and disabilitie
How to promote independence and self-care
o individuals to have involvement, choice and control over their own self care
o individuals to have access to support networks, appropriate information, a range of learning and development opportunities and understand the range of options available to them
o support in risk management and risk taking to maximise independence and choice
o individuals to be supported to identify their strengths, assess their needs and gain the confidence to self-care
o assistive technology is made available to support in an individual’s ability to live independently
positive impact of promoting independence and selfcare on the healthcare sector:
o improving self-esteem and independence of the individual
o improved partnership working
o improved efficiency of staff time within healthcare service
End of life care
o end of life care:
▪ care provided to those who are in the last months or years of their life
▪ refers to the care provided when the efforts made to successfully treat or control a disease
has ceased.
Palliative care
▪ palliative care relieves suffering through an approach that improves quality of life for patients
(adults and children) and families who are facing a progressive, life threatening illness
▪ relates to symptom management and improving the quality of life for those with a serious
illness
Grief
▪ a response to loss and often described as intense sorrow
bereavement
▪ sense of loss when someone close passes away
expected death
▪ result of acute or gradual deterioration in an individual’s health often due to advanced disease or terminal illness
sudden or expected death
▪ death without warning (for example an accident, heart attack or act of violence)
hospice
▪ place or organisation that provides care for people who are dying
What are the NHS core values?
o compassion
o improving lives
o respect and dignity
o commitment to quality of care
o working together for patients
o everyone counts
What are the 6 principles produced by the People and Communities Board?
o care and support are person-centred (being personalised, coordinated and empowering)
o services are created in partnership with citizens and communities
o focus is on equality and narrowing inequalities
o carers are identified, supported and involved
o voluntary, community and social enterprise and housing sectors are involved as key partners and enablers
o volunteering and social action are recognised as key enablers
how do you support someone with bereavement/ and how to communicate with families?
- providing a safe and comfortable environment and suitable resources (for example tissues, refreshments)
- provide emotional support (for example by listening, allowing the person to talk/cry)
- understand families may have an emotional reaction and how to handle those situations (for example anger or aggression)
- duty of candour (for example accurately representing the situation)
- acknowledgement of cultural/religious rituals with a bereaved individual
- sign posting to applicable services (for example bereavement care, national charities for bereaved
people)
What the 6 Cs are in relation to person-centred care:
- care
- compassion
- communication
- courage
- commitment
- competence
why is it important to manage relationships and boundaries?
o protects those providing and receiving care
o avoids misinterpretation of roles
o helps prevent potential abuse
how to work within parameters
when providing person-centred care?
o adhering to regulatory bodies standards of professionalism
o professional conversation
