A5. Somatic and Visceral Innervation in the Chest

Question 1

Ramus

Answer 1

branch

Question 2

dorsal ramus

Answer 2

goes to muscles in the back of body

Question 3

ventral ramus

Answer 3

goes to muscles in the front of body

Question 4

dorsal root

Answer 4

only associated with SENSORY/afferent

Question 5

ventral root

Answer 5

only associated with MOTOR/efferent

Question 6

what type of muscle is the diaphragm?

Answer 6

skeletal

Question 7

what nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 7

phrenic nerve

C 3-4-5
*keeps the diaphragm alive!

Question 8

Is there muscle on the pericardium or pleura?

Answer 8

NO! just connective tissue and NERVES - sense pain - phrenic nerve

Question 9

How do pain fibers from diaphragm signal back?

Answer 9

domes return by phrenic nerve

periphery return via intercostal nerve

Question 10

supraclavicular nerve

Answer 10

innervates front of chest for sensation - goes back via C 3-4 - SENSORY VENTRAL RAMI

Question 11

Where is heart/lung pain first felt?

Answer 11

in dermatomes!

Question 12

referred pain

Answer 12

you think pain is elsewhere because it is coming back by way of the same spinal nerve

Question 13

what does the neural crest give rise to?

Answer 13

ganglion

Question 14

somatic portion of the PNS

Answer 14

One neuron effector system

sensory receptor to dorsal root ganglion

ventral horn to effector organ

Question 15

autonomic portion of PNS (ANS)

Answer 15

two neuron effector system

Question 16

effector organs of ANS

Answer 16

smooth muscle

cardiac muscle

glands

Question 17

two components of ANS

Answer 17

sympathetic

parasympathetic

Question 18

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

presynaptic fibers only found in the spinal cord

neatly organized

ganglia located right lateral to bodies of vertebra

post-ganglionic neurotransmitter = norepinephrine

Question 19

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

presynaptic fibers either from brain or sacral region

not organized and hard to find

ganglia located all over the place

post-ganglionic neurotransmitter = acetylcholine

Question 20

thoraco-lumbar outflow

Answer 20

outflow that’s coming from CNS for the sympathetic system

Question 21

communicating branches

Answer 21

communicate between spinal cord and ganglia

Question 22

sympathetic chain of ganglia

Answer 22

chain of ganglia

ganglia are attached to spinal nerve but ALSO each other

Question 23

pre-synaptic communicating ramus

white ramus

Answer 23

axons are heavily myelinated

appears white histologically

Question 24

pot-synaptic communicating ramus

gray ramus

Answer 24

post-synaptic cells are not that myelinated and appear gray histologically

Question 25

sphlanchnic nerves

Answer 25

continuation of presynaptic (white) nerve that travels far into the body

Question 26

pulmonary ligament

Answer 26

fold of pleura that dips down

Question 27

phrenic nerve

Answer 27

anterior

pass anterior to the root of the lung on the way down

Question 28

splanchnic nerves

Answer 28

posterior

pass posterior to the root of the lung on the way down

Question 29

root of the lung

Answer 29

bronchus

pulmonary artery/vein

Question 30

vagus nerve

Answer 30

(vagabond)

makes a plexus around the esophagus

nerve wanders away from head all over chest and abdomen and goes to innervate structures in chest and belly

Question 31

cardiac plexus

Answer 31

sympathetic and parasympathetic

pain fibers from heart

Question 32

where is pain from the heart perceived?

Answer 32

T 1-2-3 dermatome

Question 33

interchostobrachial nerve

Answer 33

T2: One intercostal nerve that goes under armpit