A1. Osteology and Neuromuscular Systems in General

Question 1

Median (sagittal) Plane

Answer 1

Down the middle so that you have a left side and a right side.

Question 2

Parasagittal

Answer 2

Something slightly off-center

Question 3

Coronal Plane

Answer 3

Front and back

Question 4

Tranverse (axial) plane

Answer 4

Top and bottom

Question 5

Anterior-posterior

Answer 5

front-back

Question 6

ventral-dorsal

Answer 6

belly-back

Question 7

superior-inferior

Answer 7

high-low

Question 8

proximal-distal

Answer 8

closer to the midline-farther from the midline

Question 9

superficial-deep

Answer 9

outer-underneath

Question 10

Ipsilateral-contralateral

Answer 10

same side-opposite side

Question 11

epiphyseal plate

Answer 11

growth plate in bones

Question 12

nutrient foramens

Answer 12

where the blood vessel goes into the bone

Question 13

periosteum

Answer 13

completely covers surface of the bone. has a nerve supply with a lot of pain receptors.

Note: when you fracture a bone the periosteum is what causes the pain - not the bone itself.

Question 14

joint

Answer 14

where bones join

Question 15

fibrous joint

Answer 15

joint that provides minimal movement.

Ex: skull plates are joined together by a fibrous joint called a suture.

Ex: interosseous membrane between radius and ulna.

Question 16

Synovial joint (4 parts)

Answer 16

1. hyaline cartilage
2. synovial membrane
3. synovial fluid
4. fibrous capsule

Question 17

Fusiform

Answer 17

something that looks like a bicep muscle with a big belly and a tendon

Question 18

quadrate

Answer 18

flattened and square-ish

Ex: pects

Question 19

circular

Answer 19

circular muscle that makes a sphincter

Ex: eye

Question 20

pennate

Answer 20

muscle shaped like a feather (unipennate, bipennate, multipennate).

Ex: Deltoid

Question 21

Abduction

Answer 21

away

Question 22

Adduction

Answer 22

towards

Question 23

medial rotation

Answer 23

internal

Question 24

lateral rotation

Answer 24

external

Question 25

supinate

Answer 25

forearm up like holding soup

Question 26

pronate

Answer 26

forearm down

Question 27

types of deltoid muscle contraction

Answer 27

1. Isometric = hold in position
2. concentric = when two ends of the muscle get closer together
3. eccentric = gravity responsible for adducting - muscle tightens as it gets longer

Question 28

Superficial fascia

Answer 28

wrapping right under the skin - contains fat

Question 29

Sensory modality

Answer 29

info into CNS (afferent)

Question 30

Motor modality

Answer 30

info out from CNS (efferent)

Question 31

Afferent

Answer 31

towards

Question 32

Efferent

Answer 32

Away

Question 33

T2

Answer 33

angle of louis

Question 34

T4

Answer 34

nipples

Question 35

T10

Answer 35

umbilicus (belly button)

Question 36

T12

Answer 36

pubic bone