A5 Autonomics

Question 1

Cell requirements of PNS

Answer 1

somatic: one cell body

Autonomic: two cell bodies

• preganglionic
• post ganglionic

Question 2

Sympathetic

Answer 2

Fight or Flight section of Autonomic (visceral motor)

THREE paths

• body wall
• body cavity above diaphragm
• body cavity below diaphragm

THREE only visceral to body wall

• sweat and sebaceous glans,
• arrector pilli muscles
• vasculature

Question 3

Lateral Horn

Answer 3

also known as IML cell column houses preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies ONLY from T1-L2 Spinal cord levels

IML presence actually creates lateral horn shape

IMLCC axons travel through anterior root to mixed spinal nerve to white ramus communicans to the paravertebral ganglion

SYNAPSE

Then head to anterior ramus if hypaxial musculature and skin
or
posterior ramus if epaxial musculature and overlying skin

Question 4

post ganglionic axons of the sympathetic NS

Answer 4

synapse in the paravertebral ganglion

-travel directly to the organ via Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve.

HEART AND LUNGS

splanchnic means visceral

Question 5

Sympathetic axons to body cavity BELOW diaphragm

Answer 5

NO SYNAPSE IN paravertebral ganglion

-through diaphragm, directly to prevertebral/prearotic ganglia (anterior to abdominal aorta) on the abdominal aorta
SYNAPSE- post ganglionic nerves travel to organ

Question 6

Three prevertebral ganglia

Answer 6

celiac ganglion

superior mesenteric ganglion

inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 7

sympathetic chain (trunk)

Answer 7

preganglionic sympathetic axons only enter chain from T1-L2, so white ramus communicans are only t1-L2

Preganglionic axons can synapse in one of several places

1. paravertebral ganglion of that level (T1-L2)
2. ascend the chain
3. descend the chain
4. Exit the chain without synapse for synapse in a prevertebral ganglion

Question 8

Gray Rami Communicans

Answer 8

present at every level, so there are gray rami communicantes at EVERY level

Question 9

sympathetic chain- cervical

Answer 9

superior cervical ganglion (C1-4)

middle cervical ganglion (C5-6)

inferior cervical ganglion (C7-8)
-stellate ganglion

Question 10

ganglion impar

Answer 10

bottom of sacrum

Question 11

Present at EVERY level five things

Answer 11

1. somatic motor cell bodies in the anterior horn
2. visceral and somatic cell sensory cell bodies in the posterior root ganglion
3. post ganglionic sympathetic cell bodies in the paravertebral ganglion
4. a gray ramus communicans
5. a connection to the paravertebral ganglion above and below

Question 12

present from T1-L2

Answer 12

1. somatic motor cell bodies in the anterior horn
2. visceral and somatic sensory cell bodies in the PRG
3. PRE GANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC CELL BODIES IN THE IMLCC
4. post ganglionic sympathetic cell bodies in the paravertebral ganglion
5. a gray ramus communicans
6. WHITE RAMUS COMMUNICANS
7. a connection to the paravertebral ganglion above and below

Question 13

paravertebral ganglia from the superior cervical ganglion ot T5

Answer 13

ALL attached to splanchnic nerves

Question 14

all paravertebral ganglia from T5-L5

Answer 14

attached to AP splanchnic nerve

-paravertebral ganglia are located at the vertebral level, but are associated with a spinal chord level. Cauda equina stretches out the roots

Question 15

parasympathetic

Answer 15

energy conservation

• NO parasympathetic to body wall
• NOT part of typical spinal nerves, except in pelvis

1. head and neck
2. body inferior to the neck and proximal to the left colic flexure
3. for the large intestine distal to the colic flexure and the pelvis

Question 16

visceral sensory

Answer 16

poorly localized, only one cell body, located in posterior root ganglion

Pain- induces damage of structure, follows sympathetic pathway from structure, to the spinal nerve, and then to the PRG

Non Pain- fullness, bloating, cramping, follows parasympathetic, to the brain

referred pain: orangs in the body cavity are associated with the same spinal cord levels that body wall structures are associated with. Pain signals can get mixed up.