A4- anatomy basics Flashcards
Where is the epitympanic recess?
Space above and around the ossicles, above the level of the tympanic membrane
What are the walls of the middle ear?
Roof: tegmental wall; tegmen tympani seperates it from dura mater (floor of middle cranial fossa)
Floor: jugular wall; jugular bulb, seperated from IJV by layer of bone
Medial: labyrinth wall; cochlear, oval and round windows
Lateral: membraneous; tympanic membrane
Anterior: carotid wall; carotid canal, Eustachian tube, canal for tensor tympani
Posterior: mastoid wall; aditus, canal for facial nerve
Where is the antrum found?
Look in epitympanic recess, can see the bumps = air cells (mastoid antrum)
Where is the nasopharynx?
From the nasal cavity to the soft palate
Where are the tubal tonsils found?
Around the Eustachian tube
Where are the pharyngeal tonsils found?
top of nasopharynx
Where is the oropharynx?
From the soft palate to the hyoid bone/ epiglottis
Where are the palatine tonsils?
Under arches of muscles in roof of mouth
Where are the lingual tonsils?
Under base of tongue
Where is the laryngopharynx?
From epiglottis to larynx
What innervates the pharyngeal muscles?
Vagus nerve, except the stylopharyngeus (by glossopharyngeal)
What is the pharyngeal raphe?
Long insertion down the posterior larynx where muscles insert
Where does the superior constrictor attach?
Origin: pterygoid hamulus
Insertion: one on pharyngeal tubercle (bottom of skull) and one on pharyngeal raphe, so brings these areas together
Give a circular and longitudinal pharyngeal muscle
Circular; Superior, middle or inferior constrictor
Longitudinal: stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus
Where do the vocal cords attach?
From the laryngeal prominence on the thyroid, to the vocal processes on the arytenoid cartilages
