A3 - 1 Flashcards
some efficiencies, A3 from Tambong, IloIlo Exam 1
min. req. for drying eff. for mechanical dryer
75%
min. req. for heating eff. of direct-fired biomass-fueled grain dryer
65%
min. req. for heat utilization eff. of direct-fired petroleum-based fuel for mechanical dryers
90%
warranty period req. for mechanical grain dryers
6 mos
Refrigerant: 150.3 BTU/lb; somewhat toxic; flammable
methyl chloride
Refrigerant: 141.4 BTU/lb; very toxic but non-flammable
sulfur dioxide
R-134a
tetraflouroethane
monochlorodifluoromethane use as primary refrigerant for air conditioner
R-22
inorganic refrigerant
R-717
common refrigerant
freon
Refrigerant: 89.4 Btu/lb; non-toxic and flammable
Freon 21
Refrigerant: 51.1Btu/hr-ft-F: Non-toxic, non-flammable, Automobile: Household
freon 12
refrigerant for air condition
freon 22
tetraflouroethane
R-134a
oldest and widely used for large installation: 475.5 BTU/lb;
highly toxic and flammable
ammonia
unit for luminous flux
lumen
chemical formula for ozone
O3
quantity of light output by a source is measured in
lumen
unit for illuminance
lux
unit of magnetomotive force
Ampere-turn
intensity of light per unit area
illumination
quantity of electricity transported in one second by a current one ampere
coulomb
unit for magnetic flux
weber
unit for luminous intensity
candela
unit for flux density
tesla
most toxic refrigerant
ammonia
unit for luminous discharge
corona
rate of electrical power used or consumed
Watts
unit for electrical enrgy
kW or W
unit for generator
kW or W
unit for electrical energy
kWh
unit for current (I)
A
unit for true power (P)
W
unit for battery
Amp-hr
Unit for apparent power (S)
Volt-Amp (VA)
unit for alternating current (AC)
KVA
unit for reactive power (Q)
VAR, Volt-Amp-Reactive
unit for inductance (L)
henry (H)
unit for AC with capacitor
KVA
unit for admittance (Y)
siemens
unit for capacitance (C)
Farad (F)
unit for susceptance (S)
siemens
unit for resistance (R)
ohm
unit for conductance (G)
mho, siemens
unit for impedance (Z)
ohm
reciprocal of resistance
conductance
unit for resonance frequency
Hertz (Hz)
unit for quantity of electricity
Coulomb (C)
unit when specifying intensity of light needed for seeing
foot-candle
intensity of light at a point is measured in units of
foot-candle
amount of light flux density
footcandle
units for throw-in type thresher
peg tooth
power system that usees morethan 1 energy sources such as solar, wind, and biogas
hybrid
part of aerogenerators in wind farms that converts rotational movement to AC electricity
alternator
application of electricity in rural areas including the home, farm, and farmstead
rural electrification
current rating of AWG No. 10 wire
30 amp
standard size of drop wire (post to building wire) for farmhouses and households
5.5 mm2
how many mm is AWG No. 10 wire
5.5
solar irradiance at the earth’s surface
1000 W/m2
solar irradiance multiplied by its duration is called
solar insulation
in the phil. and most SE asia, the daily solar energy or insulation is about
5 kWh/m2
normal freeboard percentage for water tanks and open channels
10-20%
shape of a concrete canal that needs more reinforcing bars at the lower part of its wall
circular
for class A mix, give the bags of 40-kg cement needed per m3 of concrete
9
what is the proper mix class for solid concrete open channel bed and walls
class A
what concrete canal cross-sectional shape has its sides serving as soil retaining wall
rectangular
the equivalent amount paid by the world bank for carbon emission reduction projects
carbon credit value
best type of biogas plant for large animal farms having effluents with low volatile solids
covered lagoon
plastic sheet for constructing balloon and bed lining in covered lagoon biogas plant
high density polythylene (HDPE)
by hoe many times is methane destructive to the environment than carbon dioxide
21 times
flammable gas derived from anaerobic fermentation of any organic matter especially animal manure or manure-biomass mixture
biogas
estimated proportion of methane in biogas for digesters using 1:1 water-manure ratio
60%
water and manure mixture
slurry
color of biogas flame during daytime in outdoor areas
colorless
estimated proportion of carbon dioxide in biogas for digesters using 1:1 water-manure ratio
40%
estimated biogas produced per kg cow manure for 25-day hydraulic retention time
0.03 m3/kg
recommended manure-water ratio by volume for economical biogas production
1:1
the metal-corrosive component of biogas in small amount which smells like a rotten egg
hydrogen sulfide
modes of heat transfer where the transmission occurs through substance from molecule to molecule
conduction
heating value of coco shell
17,800 kJ/kg
it embodies the first agricultural engineering law in the phil
RA 3927
amount of heat needed to increase or decrease 1 lb of water to 1 F
specific heat
agent conduct heat from refrigerated coils and release outside air
refrigerant
contract in which the agreement of parties is inferred from their conduct
implied contract
basil electrical element which prevents the current from changing instantly
inductor
instrument simplest and reliable difference of fluid height in the tube
manometer
main cause of air pollution as a result of combustion of fuel
carbon dioxide
amount of heat added or removed to cause change of state without changing temperature
latent heat
standard gross heating value of gasoline
17,320 kJ/kg
agricultural engineering permit is an ancillary permit supplementary to building permit to be signed and sealed by a registered agricultural engineer. the documents to be signed include the ff except for:
- farm products packing house
- hatcheries
- dams and spillways
- slaughter house
- dams and spillways
when resistance of a certain circuit is zero or almost zero, the circuit is called
shorted
heating value of rice hull
14,000 kJ/kg
amount of heat added or removed measured in change of temperature without changing state
sensible heat
amount of heat needed to increase/raise 1lb of substance to 1F
specific heat
metal particles blown away from the welding arc
splatter
states that the voltage or potential difference between two points is directly proportional to the current or electricity passing through the resistance and directly proportional to the resistance of the circuit
ohm’s law
based on the 2009 phil. electrical code, what is the minimum conductor size in mm2 for a voltage rating of 0-2000 V when using copper wire
2 mm2
aa farmhouse requires a minimum conductor size of 2 mm2 which is equivalent to AWG #
AWG # 14
AWG # _____ should not be used in houses, except for drop wires
AWG # 16
common household wires
AWG # 10, 12, 14
AWG # 14 has ______ conductor size
2.08 mm2
which electrical wire has the biggest cross-sectional area
1. AWG 16
2. AWG 14
3. AWG 8
4. AWG 6
- AWG 6
which type of wire has the maximum operating temperature of 90 deg
1. THW
2. RHW
3. THHN
4. THWN
- THHN
based on the phil. electrical code, what is the minimum conductor size in mm2 for a voltage rating of 2001 - 8000 V when using copper, aluminum, or copper-clad aluminum wire?
8
if V is voltage, I is current, and P is power, according to ohm’s law, V is equal to
V = IR
ohm’s law is applicable to
both AC and DC
ohm’s law applies to both AC and DC circuits as long as mutual _____ of the circuit is considered
inductance
the resistivity of annealed copper in ohm meter at 20 deg C
1.72 x 10^ -8
the resistance of a certain length of wire can be obtained by multiplying its _____ with its length and dividing the resulting product by the cross-sectional area of the wire
resistivity
in connecting electricity from a post to a farmhouse, a ____ wire is needed
drop wire
minimum wire size for a farmhouse drop wire
AWG 6
a solar powered slaughterhouse uses electrical stunning gun to make the animals insensible to pain before the slaughter. what should be the voltage of the stunning pen?
220 Vac
based on PAES 419:2000, the recommended lighting intensity in lux (lumen/mm2) for fruit and vegetable processing plant are:
100 for outside bldg
200 for general indoor locations, &
___ for working tables
500
a poultry layer area requires a brightness of 1600 lumens. what is the wattage of a day-light color LED bulb that shall be used
100W daylight-color LED
in off-grid farmhouse electrification, which one has the lowest operation and maintenance cost
solar home system
highest operation and maintenance
diesel generator
in off-grid brgy electrification located 3 km from electricity grid, what is recommended
grid extension
what electricity source has the highest gas emission
diesel generator
a 950-kW cassava flour processing plant is to be powered using hydro. what electricity source shall be utilized
minihydro
the resistance of a human body varies from about
______ when dry, and about
______ when wet
500,000 ohms
300 ohms
hydropower: large scale
> 100 MW
hydropower: medium scale
10 MW - 100 MW
hydropower: small scale
< 10 MW
hydropower: small scale: small
1 MW - 10 MW
hydropower: small scale: mini
100 kW - 1 MW
hydropower: small scale: micro
5 kW - 100 kW
hydropower: small scale: pico
<5 kW
the board used in Arduino open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software which is able to read inputs like light on a sensor, temperature reading, a finger on a button, or a twitter message and can turn these inputs into outputs like activating a motor, turning on a LED, turning on a solenoid valve, or publishing something online
microcontroller
an arduino microcontroller is used to activate mist sprinkler system for 10 min every time the greenhouse temperature rises above a certain level. what device is best turned on by the microcontroller to start the mist sprinklers?
solenoid valve
the name given to arduino code files which serve as instructions to the microcontroller
sketch
part of solar module needed such that solar charging is continuous at slower rate when partially shaded by trees
bypass diode
a diode needed as protection against lighting in solar installation
blocking diode
the common pin, made as the pair to other pins, integrated circuits (IC)
ground
an integrated circuit (IC) included as an important part of electronic instrumentation for gathering speed and discharge real-time data
timer
integrated circuit (IC) used in instumentation and control
LM 333
voltage appropriate in remote instrumentation
5, 7, and 9 Vdc
data transmission to a remote, unelectrified, and line-of-sight point is the best done through _____
radio frequency
in automatic control of irrigation dam gates, what switch is useful in the instrumentation?
automation transfer switch
switch for automatic pump motor control of sealed water tanks in drip irrigation systems
pressure switch
under PAES 418:2002, washing of tomato is done by using ___ chlorox solution applied by dipping, spraying, with a damp cloth then drying the fruit before packing
1%
based on PAES 419:2000, the recommended optimum stack height in meters for storage of both paddy and rice grains
4.27 m
what standard shall be followed in constructing large-scale poultry dressing/s slaughtering plants?
PAES 422-2:2012
based on PAES 419:2000, the recommended optimum stack height for storage of wheat, barley, and maize grains
4.57m
PAES 419:2000 requires the food grains stored in a warehouse for bagged storage area in the range of 12% to ____ moisture content prior to storing
14%
the phil. standard for grading and classification of paddy and milled rice grains
PNS/BAFS 290:2019
the phil. standard for code of practice and postproduction of organic milled rice
PNS 42:2019
the phil. standard for maximum residue limits (MRLs) of pesticides in rice
PNS 162:2015
the phil. general standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed
PNS 194:2017
industrial bottling of virgin coconut oil prints a batch number. what is the main purpose of this batch number?
product recall
a feed mixer tested to have mixing coefficient of variation of 10% - 15% is rated as ____
good
as a standard, stripping efficiency of the mechanized stripping machine shall be at least
80%
as prescribed is PAES 419:2000, in constructing walls of a warehouse for bagged storage of grains, the wall should use _____mm thick concrete hollow blocks with 12 mm diameter reinforcing bars at horizontal and vertical spacing of 600 mm
150 mm
known as the national building code of the phil
PD 1096
type of building that is made of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction
type IV
type of building that shall be of masonry and wood construction
type III
type of building that shall be four-hour fire-resistive throughout and the structural elements shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction
type V
type of building that is made of wood construction with protective fire-resistant materials and one-hour fire-resistive throughout
type II
type of building that is made of wood construction. the structural elements may be any of the materials permitted by the code
type I
PAES 419:2000 requires that a normal-temperature warehouse intended for storage of bagged grains shall have a minimum interior height between the beam and floor of ___ meters
6m
under PAES 4218:2002, in constructing a primary processing plant for fresh fruit and vegetable, the windowsill shall be at least ____m from the finished floor line
1m
under PAES 418:2002, in constructing a primary processing plant for fresh fruit and vegetable, the doors shall have a minimum width of _____
1.5 m
habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights of not less than ___m measured from the floor to the ceiling (PD 1096)
2.4 m
smallest dimension in cm of concrete hollow blocks in the phil.
10 x 20 x 40
for buildings of more than 1-storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first-storey shall be ___m and that for the second-storey 2.40 meters and succeeding storeys shall have an unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less than 2.10 meters above the finished
2.7 meters
all buildings located in a reas where there is no sanitary sewerage system shall dispose their sewage to imhoff tank or ______ and subsurface absorption field (PS 1096)
septic tank
a tank for sewage consisting of an upper or sedimentation chamber with sloping floor leading to slots through which the solids settle to the lower sludge-digestion chamber
imhoff tank
based on the building code, when excavating near adjoining buildings the owners of adjoining buildings shall be notified in writing at least how many days before excavation?
10 days
as provided in the building code, when occuring concrete made from ordinary portland cement, the concrete be maintained above 10 deg C and in moist condition for the first how many days at least?
7 days
when curing concrete made from high strength portland cement, what is the minimum curing time in days as provided in the building code
3 days
what percentage of concret strength is reached at the end of the first week
70%
the initial setting of concrete starts in the first how many hours after concrete mixing?
2-3 hours
when using 0.75 inch nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate, what is the estimate percentage of air content by volume in concrete?
4-8 %
when made of normal weight aggregate, what should be the maximum water-cement ratio of concrete that is intended to be watertight when exposed to fresh water?
0.48
for concrete agricultural structure made from normal weight aggregate and in contact with sea water, what should be the maximum water-cement ratio for it to be watertight?
0.44
the cross-sectional area in mm of standard 16 mm diameter reinforcing bar
113.1 mm2
in a wall footing, the horizontal steel reinforcing is said to be normally adequate if steel cross-sectional area relative to concrete cross-sectional area is ___
0.2% - 0.3%
what is the least number of longitudinal bars in a tied concrete column
4
what is the maximum diameter of longitudinal bars in a tied concrete column
16 mm
based on ACI code, what is the minimum diameter of lateral ties in a tied concrete column for 32 mm or smaller longitudinal bars?
10 mm
based on ACI code, what is the minimum diameter of lateral ties in a tied concrete column for 36 to 57 mm and bundled longitudinal bars
12 mm
based on ACI code, the maximum spacing of lateral ties in a tied concrete column should not be more than ____ times the diameter of the longitudinal bars
16 times
based on ACI code, the maximum spacing lateral tie in a tied concrete column should not be more than ___ times the diameter of the lateral ties
48 times
if an additional resistance is added to a series RL circuit, the overall power factor of the circuit will ______
increase
For the same illumination, what lamp has lower wattage and power consumption?
LED
In photovoltaic systems, what is the component used to regulate the main electricity flow?
Battery Control Unit
What is the standard system voltage for solar home systems?
12 V
Name the electrical device used to transform DC to AC electricity.
converter
In biogas-fired electricity generators, what is device used in tandem with the generator for efficient burning of excess biogas to reduce greenhouse gas emission?
Flare
