A2.2.8 - Differences in Eukaryotic Cell Structures Flashcards
Include presence and composition of cell walls, differences in size and function of vacuoles, presence of chloroplasts and other plastids, and presence of centrioles, cilia and flagella.
1
Q
Presence of Plastids
Plastids in plant cells
A
- ONLY in plant cells
- Functions:
→ responsible for manufacturing & storing many types of chemical energy
→ Produces carbs - Varied types of plastids
→ chloroplasts (for photosynthesis)
→ amyloplasts (for storing starch)
2
Q
Presence & Composition of Cell Walls
Presence & Composition of cell walls in plant & fungal cells
A
- ONLY in plant (PCW) & fungal cells (FCW)
- PCW composition: cellulose; polysaccharide (rigid)
→ has a fixed, often angular shape
→ protects & resists osmotic pressure - FCW composition: glucans, chitin & glycoproteins; polysaccharide (somewhat flexible)
→ cell shape may vary - Helps to protect cell & prevent them from bursting
3
Q
Presence & Composition of Cell Walls
Exception in Animal Cells
A
- Contains a plasma membrane (no cell wall)
→ Cell is flexible & more likely to be a rounded shape
4
Q
Size & Function of Vacuoles
What is osmotic potential?
A
potential of H2O molecules to move from hypotonic → hypertonic solutions
5
Q
Size & Function of Vacuoles
Vacuoles in plant cells
A
- 1 Large, permanent vacuole
→ storage of substances (i.e. carbs & ions)
→ regulates osmotic potential of cell; pressurizing cells
6
Q
Size & Function of Vacuoles
Vacuoles in Animal Cells
A
- small & numerous temporary vacuoles; has many unique functions
→ stores H2O, nutrients & waste products
→ only in some animal cells
→ expels excess water
→ digests food/pathogens taken in by endocytosis
7
Q
Size & Function of Vacuoles
Vacuoles in Fungal Cells
A
- Similar to plant cells but some say:
→ like animal cells, the vacuoles are small & non-permanent
→ often a large, permanent vacuole w/ same functions as plant cells
8
Q
Presence of Centrioles
Centrioles in Animal Cells
A
- Contains centrosome w/ centrioles
- 2 cylindrical organelles
→ helps establish & organize microtubules for cell division (important)
→ also helps for the 9+2 microtubules in cilia & flagella
9
Q
Presence of Centrioles
Centrioles in Plant & Fungal Cells
A
- None—centrosomes empty of centrioles
- Does exist in fungi & plants w/ swimming male gametes
→ has a centriole at the base of the falgellum
10
Q
Presence of Undulipodia
Cilia & Flagella in Animal Cells
A
- Present in many animal cells
→ i.e. tail of male gametes
→ i.e. movement of egg cell through oviduct
→ i.e. movement of fluids in respiratory tract - may be present w/ basal bodies
11
Q
Presence of Undulipodia
Cilia & Flagella in Plant Cells
A
- Usually doesn’t exist
- Present in male gametes w/ tail
12
Q
Presence of Undulipodia
Cilia & Flagella in Fungal Cells
A
- May have cilia & flagella but not w/ basal bodies
- Present in male gametes w/ tail
