A2.2 Organelles Flashcards
Nucleus
Contains chromosomes, DNA, double membranes with pores.
Darker spots - densely packed chromatin.
Big structure called nucleolus, made of DNA and RNA and protein - produces proteins.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
branched tubular network with attacked 80s ribosomes to its surface.
Produces proteins for export (secretion).
Proteins produced here will travel to the Golgi Apparatus in vesicles.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Branched tubular network of membrane. No ribosomes.
Produces lipids, phospolipids and steroids.
Golgi Apparatus
Flattened curved membrane sacs (cisternae).
Processes proteins from ER and sends them in vesicles to the plasma membrane.
Lysosome
spherical with single membrane.
Contains much protein and appears darker.
Enzymes inside are used to break down material - it recycles organelles or dead cells.
Mitochondrion
Double membrane - inner membrane is folded (cristae). Fluid inside called matrix.
Produces ATP in cellular respiraiton.
Free ribosomes
No membrane.
Appears as dark dots, 80s and synthesizes proteins released in the cytoplasm.
Chloroplasts
double membrane.
Stacks of thylakoids inside (flattened membrane sacs). Produces sugar in photosyntesis.
Vacuoles and vesicles
single membrane filled with fluid. Large vacuole in plants. Unicellular organisms expel water through vacuoles. Vesicles are small vacuoles for transporting materials in the cells.
Microtubes and centrioles
cylindrical protein fibres in the cytoplasm. It moves chromosomes during mitosis/meiosis. Found inside flagella.
Centrioles are anchoring points for microtubes.
Cilla and Flagella
extends out of a cell.
Ring of microtubes with two microtubes in the middle.
Flagella are larger and usually only one present.
Cilla are smaller and usually only one present.
Used for movement.
Can create currents next to the cell.
