Key terms unit 1

Question 1

xylem

Answer 1

transport tissue in vascular plants

Question 2

metablosim

Answer 2

chemical reactions in the cells

Question 2

Buoyancy

Answer 2

tendency of an object to float in a liquid:
Depending on how much water is pressed away - object can float.
Force counteracting gravity.
If density of water is higher than density of an object - object will float.

Question 3

Viscosity

Answer 3

Stickiness of fluid

Question 4

Thermal Conductivity

Answer 4

How fast warmth can spread through a material

Question 5

High specific heat capacity

Answer 5

Water can absorb energy without a big change in temperature, (body filled with water has a stable bodily temp).

Question 6

Hydroxyl group

Answer 6

-OH = a functional group of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to the hydrogen atom.

Question 7

Amine groups

Answer 7

Functional group: nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen groups.

Question 8

Macromolecules

Answer 8

molecule containing a large number of atoms. All macromolecules are polymers.

Question 9

ATP

Answer 9

energy carrying molecule found in cells of all living things.

Question 10

Monosaccaride, (Di/Poly)

Answer 10

1. rings of carbonatoms (5/6). Source of energy for cells. Small and easily transported in plasma.
2. Carbohydrate made out of two monosaccardies linked together. Ex: sucrose.
3. Complex carbohydrate made out of three or more monosaccarides. Ex starch and glycogen. Enegry storage.

Question 11

Glycosidic bond

Answer 11

A type of bond that joins sugar molecule to another, through condensation reaction.

1–4 - gives glycogen a healical structure more common,
1–6 - creates branching points.
Bonds (covalent).

Question 12

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 12

water used to break down polymers into monomers.

Question 13

pentose / hexose

Answer 13

5 carbon sugar - deoxyribose
6 carbon sugar

Question 14

Amylose / Amylopectin

Answer 14

two forms of starch
1. Coiled into a helix, unbranched chain of alpha glucose.
2. Branched chain of alpha glucose.

Question 15

Starch

Answer 15

Amylose/ Amylopectin

Question 16

Glycogen

Answer 16

found in animals: same as amylopectin but heavily branched

Question 17

Cellulose

Answer 17

Found in cell walls, straight unbracnehd chain of beta glucose.

Forms firm fibers of cellulose molecules - held together by hydrogen bonds.

Question 18

Glycoproteins

Answer 18

carbohydrates attached to a protein in cell membrane - involved in cell to cell recognition.

Question 19

ABO-system
Antigen

Answer 19

a system for grouping human blood into different types.

Substance that causes human body to produce antibodies against it.

Question 20

Phospolipids

Answer 20

made out of 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate

Question 21

Steroids

Answer 21

big class of molecules, often acting as hormones in the body.
All - base structure of 4 fused carbon rings.
Hydrophobic and can pass through the phospolipid bilayer.

Question 22

Triglycerides

Answer 22

1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids (formed in condensation)