A2.2 Cell Structure SL Flashcards
What does the cell theory state?
The cell theory states that all living things are made of one or more cells
What is the Magnification Triangle
….
What are the developments of microscopy?
-Fluorescent & immunofluorescence development
-Freeze-fracture electron microscopy development
-Cryogenic electron microscopy
What do all cells share in common?
All cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm & DNA
What is the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane is a semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer that surrounds a cell, controlling what goes in & out
What is the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is a water-based solution where all metabolic rxs occur
What is DNA?
DNA contains the genetic material that gets passed down from parent to offspring
What are genes?
Genes are codes for proteins and they are made out of DNA
What are the division of cells?
Cells are either prokaryotes or eukaryotes
Which developed first, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes developed first
Draw a prokaryote….
….
Describe the structure of a prokaryote….
-Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus so their DNA is in the cytoplasm
-Prokaryotes have a cell wall
-Prokaryotes are non-compartmentalized meaning they are missing some membrane-bound organelles
-Cytoplasm of prokaryotes have 70s ribosomes
- Prokaryotes have naked DNA meaning they have no histones
Draw a eukaryotic cell….
….
Describe the structure of a eukaryotic cell….
-Eukaryotes have a nucleous which has a double membrane with pores through it holding the cells DNA
-Some eukaryotes have a cell wall others do not
-Eukaryotes are compartmentalised
-Eukaryotes have 80s ribosomes
-Eukaryotes have a mitochondria which is surrounded by a double membrane
What are the 7 processes of life?
-Metabolism
-Reproduction
-Response to stimuli
-Homeostasis
-Excretion
-Nutricion
-Growth
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the sum of all enzyme catalysed rxs in a cell
What is reproduction?
Reproduction is the production of offspring
What is response to stimuli?
Response to stimuli is responding to stimuli in the environment with appropriate responses
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is maintaining a stable internal environment
What is excretion?
Excretion is the removal of waste products
What is nutricion?
Nutricion is getting the nutrients required for energy, growth & repair
What is growth?
Growth refers to increasing in size or number of cells
What does unicellular organisms refer to?
Unicellular organisms refers to organisms that are made up of only 1 cell
What does multicellular organisms refer to?
Multicellular organisms refers to organism that are made up of many different cells. These cells carry out different functions
What must all eukaryotes have?
All eukaryotes must have 1 nucleus
What cells do not have nucleus or has more than one nucleus?
-Red blood cells
-Phloem sieve tube cells
-Skeletal muscle cells
Distinguishing a prokaryote in an image….
-Smaller than 10nm
-DNA is not in an enclosed round structure
Distinguishing aplant cell in an image….
-Large vacuole
-Have Chloroplasts
Distinguishing a animal cell in an image….
-No cell wall
-No large vacuole or chloroplast
-Has nucleous
