A2.2 Cell Structure SL

Question 1

What does the cell theory state?

Answer 1

The cell theory states that all living things are made of one or more cells

Question 2

What is the Magnification Triangle

Answer 2

….

Question 3

What are the developments of microscopy?

Answer 3

-Fluorescent & immunofluorescence development
-Freeze-fracture electron microscopy development
-Cryogenic electron microscopy

Question 4

What do all cells share in common?

Answer 4

All cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm & DNA

Question 5

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 5

The plasma membrane is a semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer that surrounds a cell, controlling what goes in & out

Question 6

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 6

The cytoplasm is a water-based solution where all metabolic rxs occur

Question 7

What is DNA?

Answer 7

DNA contains the genetic material that gets passed down from parent to offspring

Question 8

What are genes?

Answer 8

Genes are codes for proteins and they are made out of DNA

Question 9

What are the division of cells?

Answer 9

Cells are either prokaryotes or eukaryotes

Question 10

Which developed first, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 10

Prokaryotes developed first

Question 11

Draw a prokaryote….

Answer 11

….

Question 12

Describe the structure of a prokaryote….

Answer 12

-Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus so their DNA is in the cytoplasm
-Prokaryotes have a cell wall
-Prokaryotes are non-compartmentalized meaning they are missing some membrane-bound organelles
-Cytoplasm of prokaryotes have 70s ribosomes
- Prokaryotes have naked DNA meaning they have no histones

Question 13

Draw a eukaryotic cell….

Answer 13

….

Question 14

Describe the structure of a eukaryotic cell….

Answer 14

-Eukaryotes have a nucleous which has a double membrane with pores through it holding the cells DNA
-Some eukaryotes have a cell wall others do not
-Eukaryotes are compartmentalised
-Eukaryotes have 80s ribosomes
-Eukaryotes have a mitochondria which is surrounded by a double membrane

Question 15

What are the 7 processes of life?

Answer 15

-Metabolism
-Reproduction
-Response to stimuli
-Homeostasis
-Excretion
-Nutricion
-Growth

Question 16

What is metabolism?

Answer 16

Metabolism is the sum of all enzyme catalysed rxs in a cell

Question 17

What is reproduction?

Answer 17

Reproduction is the production of offspring

Question 18

What is response to stimuli?

Answer 18

Response to stimuli is responding to stimuli in the environment with appropriate responses

Question 19

What is homeostasis?

Answer 19

Homeostasis is maintaining a stable internal environment

Question 20

What is excretion?

Answer 20

Excretion is the removal of waste products

Question 21

What is nutricion?

Answer 21

Nutricion is getting the nutrients required for energy, growth & repair

Question 22

What is growth?

Answer 22

Growth refers to increasing in size or number of cells

Question 23

What does unicellular organisms refer to?

Answer 23

Unicellular organisms refers to organisms that are made up of only 1 cell

Question 24

What does multicellular organisms refer to?

Answer 24

Multicellular organisms refers to organism that are made up of many different cells. These cells carry out different functions

Question 25

What must all eukaryotes have?

Answer 25

All eukaryotes must have 1 nucleus

Question 26

What cells do not have nucleus or has more than one nucleus?

Answer 26

-Red blood cells
-Phloem sieve tube cells
-Skeletal muscle cells

Question 27

Distinguishing a prokaryote in an image….

Answer 27

-Smaller than 10nm
-DNA is not in an enclosed round structure

Question 29

Distinguishing aplant cell in an image….

Answer 29

-Large vacuole
-Have Chloroplasts

Question 30

Distinguishing a animal cell in an image….

Answer 30

-No cell wall
-No large vacuole or chloroplast
-Has nucleous